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Direct linkJiazhou Yao; Marianne Turner; Gary Bonar – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
In order to distinguish between language-related ideologies, Ruiz (1984) proposed three language orientations, namely 'language-as-problem', 'language-as-right' and 'language-as-resource'. Although this typology has been applied to various countries and regions around the globe, relevant research in China, a multi-ethnolinguistic country, remains…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Ethnic Groups, Language Minorities, Literacy
