This paper discusses collaborative ethnographic work investigating multilingualism within education in Botswana, Tanzania, and Zambia. The paper takes a reflective perspective on how research is conducted and the role that multilingualism and collaboration can play in the research process itself. As a team of thirteen individuals, working across…

For the past three decades, momentum has gathered in favour of a multilingual turn in second language acquisition research and teaching. "Multicompetence" has been proposed to replace "nativeness" and "monolingualism" to measure L2 learners' success. This proposed shift has not made its way into L2 teaching settings.…

Bilingual education research methods should incorporate a multilevel model of pupils, classrooms, and schools and consider various cognitive and noncognitive outcome variables focusing on progress rather than attainment to determine not whether bilingual education is more effective than monolingual instruction but which aspects of bilingual…