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Why Aren't All Children in the Nordic Countries Bilingual?
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Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
Examines three Nordic bilingual programs: (1) immersion, where majority children with a high status mother tongue learn a second language; (2) submersion, where minority children with a low status mother tongue are forced to learn the majority language; and (3) language shelter, where minority children learn the majority language as a second…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Bilingualism, Finnish, Immersion Programs
Sociocultural Comparison of Bilingual Education Policies and Programmes in Three Andean Countries and the United States.
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Minaya-Rowe, Liliana – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1986
Presents a model of the sociocultural circumstances surrounding the development of language policies and planning and of bilingual education programs in the United States and three Andean countries: Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Comparative Analysis, Comparative Education, Cultural Influences
The Effect of Total L2 Immersion Education on Concept Development.
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Dodson, C. J.; Thomas, Sara E. – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1988
Presents a longitudinal examination of the effects of certain types of schooling (bilingual, immersion, mixed-language) on the concept development of monolingual, developing bilingual, or competent bilingual children in Wales. Results indicated that immersion programs temporarily retarded concept development of second language beginners.…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Concept Formation, English, Foreign Countries