Much of the research that focuses on the academic success of Black youth in urban science education does not consider the provision of tools that educators can use in becoming more effective. This article discusses this issue, and introduces an approach to pedagogy--reality pedagogy--which includes five distinct types of practices (the 5 C's)…

Examined the effectiveness of concept mapping on the science achievement of African American middle grades science students distributed into eight different classes by ability level. Results of this quasi, non-randomized, control-treatment group, pretest-posttest study found no significant overall effects of treatment on science achievement. There…