This paper focuses on the trade-offs that lie at the intersection of methodological requirements for causal effect studies and policies that affect how and to what extent schools engage in such studies. More specifically, current federal funding priorities encourage large-scale randomized studies of interventions in authentic settings. At the same…

Analyzes the performance of male and female high school students (n=43,000) on the Australian National Chemistry Quiz in 1991. Results showed that on many questions boys outperformed girls. Reasons why boys and girls might differ in the rates of solving some of the questions are discussed, and directions for identifying the nature, extent, and…

Two years after the end of a two-year intervention program set within the context of science learning intended to promote formal operational thinking, achievement of students (n=234) was tested by their results on British National examinations taken at age 16. Male experimental subjects achieved an average of 40 percent more grades of C or above…

Data from the 1983-84 Israeli IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Education Achievement) science study were used to explore gender-related differences (and their determinants) in the learning of science. The study (n=1974) involved several measures of science learning, 10 attitudinal measures, and items and errors classification.…

Classroom interactions were examined for gender differences that may contribute to the underrepresentation of women in physics and engineering courses and subsequent careers. (PR)