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Simpkins, Sandra D.; Bouffard, Suzanne M.; Dearing, Eric; Kreider, Holly; Wimer, Chris; Caronongan, Pia; Weiss, Heather B. – Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2009
In this study, we identified unique clusters of parenting behaviors based on parents' school involvement, community involvement, rule-setting, and cognitive stimulation with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics-Child Development Supplement. In early (n = 668) and middle adolescence (n = 634), parents who provided high cognitive stimulation…
Descriptors: Family Income, Adolescents, Child Development, Adjustment (to Environment)
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Barnes, Grace M.; And Others – Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1994
An ongoing longitudinal study of 699 adolescents and their parents, begun when the adolescents were ages 13 to 16, found that, although black families had more single-parent households and lower family incomes than white families, black adolescents had higher abstention rates and lower rates of alcohol abuse and other deviance than white…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Alcohol Abuse, Antisocial Behavior, Blacks