The purpose of this study was to test instrumentality theory predictions of work effort. The amount of effort exerted on various tasks by a group of faculty members at a large university in the U.S. was examined. It was found that the modifications of the theory generally led to improved predictions of effort. (JB)

The relationship was studied in terms of Fishbein's model of attitude structure. In general, the results suggested that the relationship between affect and cognition is more complex than previously thought. (Author/SD)

This study examined the effectiveness of a school psychologist's recommendations to teachers about student needs as influenced by variables of the psychologist's sex and expertise and the effort required of the teacher for compliance. (JH)

Uses Martin Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action to formulate a persuasive communication to influence unclassified U.S. college students to consider a career as a registered nurse. Finds the experimental group shows a significant positive change in beliefs, attitudes, and intentions, unlike the control group exposed to a neutral message only. (NL)

Explores the relationship between specific self-concept dimensions and school adjustment in three areas: (1) general classroom behavior; (2) group participation; and (3) attitude toward authority. Finds significant bivariate correlations exist between each self-concept dimension on the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale in a study of urban, inner-city,…

Attempts to replicate findings of previous research concerning sex differences in perceived locus of control among undergraduates in Antwerp, Belgium. Postulates the Rotter Scale does not measure the female perception of control and hypothesizes that female answers are determined by perceived socially acceptable answers. (NL)

Reports on three research studies that tested the hypothesis that the focus of attention of individuals in groups varies as a function of the group composition. The populations studied were members of the Nixon White House staff, high school students, and male undergraduate students. Results supported the idea of self-focused attention as a…

Explored the interactive effects of three major variables affecting message acceptance: (1) source credibility; (2) degree of recipient involvement; and (3) locus of control. Canadian students (381) evaluated a political party's views and credibility. Found credibility had an impact on message acceptance and externally controlled recipients were…

Reports a study that examined the relationship among classical authoritarianism, directiveness, and attitudes toward institutional authority among young adolescents in Adelaide, Australia. Concludes that the concept of classical authoritarianism has limited relevance to the social attitudes of children, and that attitude towards authority is not…

Tests hypothesis that people recall their expectations in ways that are consistent with outcomes. Finds that autobiographical recall may be generally reconstructive and potentially biased. Canadian students reported their preparations and expectations for an undergraduate examination. Observes that more than 90 percent of the students did not…

Studies the effects of the Protestant work ethic and performance feedback on intrinsic motivation in a sample of Taiwanese university students. Divides subjects into three groups according to work ethic measurement: high, intermediate, and low. Suggests students with a low work ethic exert more effort when challenged. (NL)

Reports of a study of 288 undergraduate business and psychology students on their views about smoking policies at a fictitious medium-sized business. Finds that smoking status and attitudes toward smoking policy are strongly related. Suggests that the best policy would be to achieve a balance. (CFR)

Investigated influence of prolonged deprivation on responses to uncontrollable outcome among 104 Indian students in the tenth grade. Finds high-deprived and female students displayed greater helplessness than did their low-deprived and male counterparts. Females and high-deprives students attributed uncontrollable outcome more to internal, stable,…

Examines how people with a high-achievement need attribute success to their ability and effort and failure to external factors such as task difficulty. Contrasts this behavior with people who have a low-achievement need. The measuring device was a multiple-choice questionnaire designed to reveal participant tendencies. (MJP)

Maintains that a loss-gain hypothesis (a negative impression gives way to a positive one) is a more powerful indicator and incentive for future friendship than an opposite sequence (positive to negative). Both of these, however, were eclipsed by a positive-positive interaction as a determinant of interpersonal attraction. (MJP)