Adapting to internationalization at home and the expansion of online learning since COVID-19, higher education institutions (HEIs) have implemented online intercultural programs (OIPs) to develop intercultural competence (IC) in virtual settings. This systematic review examines the empirical studies of IC development in online modality from January 2020 to May 2024, exploring effective methods for fostering online intercultural learning. It analyzes pedagogical features of OIPs, assessment strategies and tools, and the use of digital technologies. The findings highlight the virtual mobility practices for IC development, global participation in OIPs, self-devised and external tools for assessing IC, and online collaboration technologies, hoping to guide future research and practices.