Demonstrated that reference groups which were not membership groups were significantly associated with self-image. Focusing on architectural students, it showed that although reference to artists was not dominant for most of the subjects, a significant difference exists between self-images of students who referred to artists and those who did not.…

Investigated predictions concerning freshman academic performance derived from Holland's theory. The results confirmed the congruence hypothesis, while evidence for the predictions concerning consistency and differentiation were less clear. (Author)

Women's lower achievement level in professions is explained by the Multiple Role Negotiation perspective as resulting from difficulty in balancing the "active," demanding roles of wife/mother and a high-level professional role. The findings reveal that neither males nor females perceive the female familial role as the "more active." (Author)

Examines several dimensions of job choices in children of four age groups (early and late preschool, second and fourth grade). Findings showed that older children were more selective in personal job choice, especially in regard to jobs attributed to the opposite sex. (Author)

Recent research has shown that academic choice and achievement may be partly a function of the student's standing on the field dependence/independence cognitive style dimension. The results of two longitudinal studies suggest that information about field dependence/independence may be of value for student guidance in the medical setting. (Author)

A representative group of occupations was examined within an attributional framework, utilizing the concept of perceived causality for success. Results supported several hypotheses and also revealed some systematic relationships between causes and between perceived causality for success and occupational prestige. (Author)

Job complexity was measured for jobs in a public agency. Perceptions of job complexity were obtained from self-reports. Independent measures were obtained from interviews with subjects. Career stages were found to moderate relationships between job satisfaction and perceived job complexity and between job-performance and independently rated job…

Questionnaires that assesed educational goals, career goals, preferred and expected career commitment, sex-role attitudes, age, college class, height, and weight were completed by 884 male and female undergraduates representing two racial groups and two age groups. Age, size, and college class were unrelated to women's goals and attitudes. (Author)

The effects of a career group experience on the vocational maturity of theoretically grouped college freshmen and sophomores were investigated using Super's Career Development Inventory as the dependent measure. Results indicated that students significantly increased their vocational maturity as a result of the group experience. (Author)

Examines the degree to which the Growth Need Strength scales (job choice and would like formats) of the Job Diagnostic Survey correlate with, first, other measures of needs and values employed in research as moderators of the job scope-job satisfaction relationship; and, second, a measure of social desirability. (Author)

Investigated the hypotheses that similarity of ideal self and occupational stereotypes is important in determining vocational preferences of adolescents, while similarity between expected self and occupational stereotypes is important in determining occupational expectations. Findings supported the idea that ideal self played an important role in…

The occupational cylinder demonstrates the hierarchical arrangement of the occupational levels and the circular configuration of occupational fields. In this study, contribution of the cylinder to the vocational maturity of 11th and 12th graders was investigated. The study implies that an understanding of the occupational structure enhances…

Studies on women compared with men in Iran (as an example of a fast-developing country) relating to achievement and vocational behavior showed results quite similar to those reported on American women. Iranian women emphasized external attribution of cause of success/failure, and were less sex discriminatory than men. (Author)

Five educational groups, ranging from high school freshmen to college juniors, were administered the Career Decision Questionnaire, a scale designed to measure antecedents of educational-vocational indecision. It was determined that age was an extremely important factor in career decidedness. Sex was not an important variable in determining…