Interest regarding the challenge-hindrance occupational stress model has increased in recent years, however its theoretical foundation has not been tested. Drawing from the transactional theory of stress, this study tests the assumptions made in past research (1) that workload and responsibility are appraised as challenges and role ambiguity and…

This study investigated the processes whereby hindrance and challenge stressors may affect work behavior. Three mechanisms were examined to explain the differential effects these stressors have demonstrated: job satisfaction, strains, and work self-efficacy. A model is proposed in which both types of stressors will result in increases in strains,…

Drawing from theory on met expectations, person-environment fit, and social information processing, misfit between the pressure and autonomy experienced by workers and that which would be expected given their occupational roles was examined as a predictor of job satisfaction, perceived support, and depression. Results from a nationally (U.S.)…

The relationship between work-family balance and quality of life was assessed for 353 accounting professionals. Those who spent more time on family than work experienced higher quality of life than balanced individuals, who experienced higher quality than those who spent more time on work. Findings were similar for level of involvement balance and…

Time-, strain-, and behavior-based dimensions of work interference with family and family interference with work were measured using 1,211 subjects. An 18-item scale with 6 subscales was validated. It depicts how separate work-family conflict dimensions relate to attitudes and behaviors. (SK)

The overlap between measures of work-to-family (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) was meta-analytically investigated. Researchers have assumed WFC and FWC to be distinct, however, this assumption requires empirical verification. Across 25 independent samples (total N=9079) the sample size weighted mean observed correlation was .38 and the…

This study investigated the influence of two role stressors--role ambiguity and role conflict--on previously established relationships between mentoring activities--vocational support, psychosocial support, and role modeling--and prominent job attitudes. Full and partial mediation models were tested with a sample of 355 proteges. Results showed…

This paper examined the relationships between workplace coping strategies, occupational attributional style, and job satisfaction among a sample of 190 nurses employed with a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. As an occupational group, nurses experience high levels of chronic workplace stressors. Participants completed a questionnaire packet…

Investigated the relationship between Type A behavior, sales performance, and job satisfaction among 355 life insurance agents. No significant differences were found between Type A and B agents on sales performance and job satisfaction measures. Type A behavior was associated with stress and health complaints. (JAC)

Compares actual turnover rates of a sample of U.S. police departments from large cities (N=87) and small cities (N=39) with that of the Danish police force. Results showed rates of early leaving to be lower for the Danish police than for the U.S. sample. (LLL)

A study of 117 university employees found that supervisor support and adult attachment orientation (secure, preoccupied, fearful, dismissive) predicted outcomes on three work strain indices. The interaction of supervisor support and attachment orientation significantly predicted intensity of job stress and job satisfaction. (Contains 51…

Workload, role conflict, and use of skills are related to strain among white collar supervisors. For blue collar supervisors, strain is related to workload and job security. White collar supervisors tend to be more satisfied when their time is used well. (JAC)

A study of 487 healthcare workers found that negative affectivity was associated with low social support and job satisfaction, high emotional exhaustion, increased workload, and depersonalization. Positive affectivity correlated with autonomy and lower absenteeism. Affectivity had stronger effects on burnout than did organizational stress factors.…

Examined self-competence and coping among 276 teachers. Found subjective feelings of competence concerning one's ability to interact effectively with one's work environment moderated satisfaction with work, satisfaction with coworkers, satisfaction with supervision, emotional exhaustion, and feelings of depersonalization. No significant moderating…

According to interviews with 123 lesbians, workplace climate significantly influenced occupational stress, coping, and job satisfaction. However, disclosure did not have a significant influence on stress, coping, or satisfaction. (SK)