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Lagorio, Carla H.; Hackenberg, Timothy D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Pigeons were given repeated choices between variable and fixed numbers of token reinforcers (stimulus lamps arrayed above the response keys), with each earned token exchangeable for food. The number of tokens provided by the fixed-amount option remained constant within blocks of sessions, but varied parametrically across phases, assuming values of…
Descriptors: Token Economy, Positive Reinforcement, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research
Kangas, Brian D.; Branch, Marc N. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Emerging evidence suggests that nicotine may enhance short-term memory. Some of this evidence comes from nonhuman primate research using a procedure called delayed matching-to-sample, wherein the monkey is trained to select a comparison stimulus that matches some physical property of a previously presented sample stimulus. Delays between sample…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Reaction Time, Short Term Memory, Animals
de Carvalho, Marilia Pinhiero; Machado, Armando – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
When subjects learn to associate two sample durations with two comparison keys, do they learn to associate the keys with the short and long samples (relational hypothesis), or with the specific sample durations (absolute hypothesis)? We exposed 16 pigeons to an ABA design in which phases A and B corresponded to tasks using samples of 1 s and 4 s,…
Descriptors: Prediction, Stimulus Generalization, Experimental Psychology, Behavioral Science Research
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Bai, John Y. H.; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Reinforcing an alternative response in the same context as a target response reduces the rate of occurrence but increases the persistence of that target response. Applied researchers who use such techniques to decrease the rate of a target problem behavior risk inadvertently increasing the persistence of the same problem behavior. Behavioral…
Descriptors: Persistence, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
April, L. Brooke; Bruce, Katherine; Galizio, Mark – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Previous research has shown that rats can learn matching-to-sample relations with olfactory stimuli; however, the specific characteristics of this relational control are unclear. In Experiment 1, 6 rats were trained to either match or nonmatch to sample in a modified operant chamber using common household spices as olfactory stimuli. After…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Generalization, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
Slattery, Brian; Stewart, Ian; O'Hora, Denis – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Three experiments investigated responding consistent with transitive class containment, a feature of hierarchical classification. Experiment 1 replicated key components of a preliminary attempt to model hierarchical classification (Griffee & Dougher, 2002) and tested for responding consistent with transitive class containment. Only 2 out of 5…
Descriptors: Experiments, Investigations, Models, Classification
Lionello-DeNolf, Karen; Dube, William V. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Training context can influence resistance to disruption under differing reinforcement schedules. With nonhumans, when relatively lean and rich reinforcement schedules are experienced in the context of a multiple schedule, greater resistance is found in the rich than the lean component, as described by behavioral momentum theory. By contrast, when…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Reinforcement, Mental Retardation, Context Effect
da Silva, Stephanie P.; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
The effects of reinforcer magnitude and response requirement on pigeons' say choices in an experimental homologue of human say-do correspondence were assessed in two experiments. The procedure was similar to a conditional discrimination procedure except the pigeons chose both a sample stimulus (the say component) and a comparison stimulus that…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Animals, Animal Behavior
Shahan, Timothy A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Stimuli associated with primary reinforcers appear themselves to acquire the capacity to strengthen behavior. This paper reviews research on the strengthening effects of conditioned reinforcers within the context of contemporary quantitative choice theories and behavioral momentum theory. Based partially on the finding that variations in…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Responses, Conditioning
Davison, Michael; Baum, William M. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Four pigeons were trained in a procedure in which concurrent-schedule food ratios changed unpredictably across seven unsignaled components after 10 food deliveries. Additional green-key stimulus presentations also occurred on the two alternatives, sometimes in the same ratio as the component food ratio, and sometimes in the inverse ratio. In eight…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Auditory Perception, Animals, Responses
McMillan, D. E.; Wessinger, William D.; Li, Mi – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
Drugs with multiple actions can have complex discriminative-stimulus properties. An approach to studying such drugs is to train subjects to discriminate among drug combinations and individual drugs in the combination so that all of the complex discriminative stimuli are present during training. In the current experiments, a four-choice procedure…
Descriptors: Narcotics, Animals, Stimuli, Visual Stimuli
Lionello-DeNolf, Karen M.; Dube, William V.; McIlvane, William J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Translational research inspired by behavioral momentum theory in the area of developmental disabilities has shown effects in individuals over a range of functioning levels. In the current study, behavioral momentum was assessed in 6 children diagnosed with autism and severe intellectual disability. In a repeated measures design, participants were…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Severe Mental Retardation, Autism, Developmental Disabilities
Escobar, Rogelio; Bruner, Carlos A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
The control exerted by a stimulus associated with an extinction component (S-) on observing responses was determined as a function of its temporal relation with the onset of the reinforcement component (S+). Lever pressing by rats was reinforced on a mixed random-interval extinction schedule. Each press on a second lever produced stimuli…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Responses, Animals
Hackenberg, Timothy D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
Token reinforcement procedures and concepts are reviewed and discussed in relation to general principles of behavior. The paper is divided into four main parts. Part I reviews and discusses previous research on token systems in relation to common behavioral functions--reinforcement, temporal organization, antecedent stimulus functions, and…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Contingency Management, Token Economy, Behavior Modification
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Jimenez-Gomez, Corina; Ward, Ryan D.; Shahan, Timothy A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
Stimuli uncorrelated with reinforcement have been shown to enhance response rates and resistance to disruption; however, the effects of different rates of stimulus presentations have not been assessed. In two experiments, we assessed the effects of adding different rates of response-dependent brief stimuli uncorrelated with primary reinforcement…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Intervals, Resistance to Change, Reinforcement