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Xin Yuan; Xuan Tang – Language Awareness, 2025
This study explored the effects of listening-based lexical focus-on-form (lexical FonF) on the acquisition and retention of morphologically complex words. One hundred eighty-two adult English learners with two levels of English proficiency (higher and lower proficiency) from a public university in mainland China were assigned to three different…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Morphology (Languages), Grammar, Second Language Instruction
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Tomoko Oyama; Hyun-Sook Kang – Language Awareness, 2024
The present study examined the relative effects of discourse-based and sentence-level grammar instruction on the learning of English present perfect in academic writing, using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. Participants were 37 multilingual graduate students enrolled in different sections of an ESL-writing course at a U.S.…
Descriptors: Grammar, Writing Instruction, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Marion Martínez; Leesa Clarke; Lorna Hamilton; Christopher J. Hall – Language Awareness, 2024
This study explored the effects of learning activities which encouraged positive crosslinguistic influence from L2 Spanish to L1 English grammar in young learners. The learners (N = 82) were studying Spanish as their compulsory foreign language at an English state primary school in the UK. As part of ten timetabled Spanish classes over a period of…
Descriptors: Grammar, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Lee, Andrew H.; Lyster, Roy – Language Awareness, 2023
The present study investigated the effects of different types of form-focused instruction (FFI) on the acquisition of French grammatical gender attribution. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 140 participants in six intact French as a second language (L2) classes. The classes received six 80-minute instructional sessions consisting of…
Descriptors: Grammar, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, French
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Khezrlou, Sima – Language Awareness, 2023
Although the development of implicit grammatical knowledge is highly desirable, not all grammatical constructions could be learned implicitly. Therefore, one of the ultimate objectives of most English as Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms is to aid learners in developing their (automatic) explicit grammatical knowledge. Using progressively complex…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
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Woll, Nina – Language Awareness, 2019
While metalinguistic awareness (MLA) has been shown to play a crucial role in second and third language acquisition, a variety of methodological approaches point to the difficulty of operationalising the concept. The present study provides a critical analysis of MLA in relation to its measurement by means of a French-language test of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Student Attitudes, Language Attitudes
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Bell, Huw; Ainsworth, Steph – Language Awareness, 2021
This paper starts by reporting on the design and trialling of an informal, low-stakes test designed to assess the knowledge of grammar terms of pre-service primary school teachers following the UK's National Curriculum, the results of which were used to inform the design of a series of optional grammar classes. The test proved surprisingly…
Descriptors: Grammar, Feedback (Response), Difficulty Level, Spelling
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Khezrlou, Sima – Language Awareness, 2021
The present study explored the effect of task repetition with and without explicit instruction on EFL learners' (n = 26) explicit and implicit English regular past tense structure development. One group (REP) repeated the same task (n = 12) while another group (EI + REP) received explicit instruction between performances of the same task (n = 14).…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Oral Language
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Karimi, Mohammad N.; Ashkani, Parisa – Language Awareness, 2023
In a knowledge society characterized by an abundance of information sources that present conflicting perspectives on socio-scientific controversies, it is extremely important for readers to construct effective mental models of such controversies. Nevertheless, readers' mental representations of controversial information are assumed to be biased…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Models, Task Analysis
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Gonzalves, Lisa – Language Awareness, 2021
Many U.S. adult schools currently aim to create academic and career pathways by implementing higher order thinking and metalinguistic application in their ESL curriculum. However, this 'ability to reflect on and manipulate the structural features of language' poses a significant hurdle to adult ESL learners newly learning to read and write, as…
Descriptors: Metalinguistics, Adult Education, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Mostafa, Tamanna; Kim, YouJin – Language Awareness, 2021
The study investigates to what extent English as a second language (ESL) learners develop explicit and automatised explicit knowledge of two target-forms (third person singular 's' and future conditional if-clause) after input and output based instruction and whether learning effects differ depending on the target forms. The study follows a…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Linguistic Input, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning
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Tsang, Art – Language Awareness, 2017
Learning whether English nouns are countable or not is a source of great difficulty for many ESL/EFL learners. In the present study, a grammaticality judgement task comprised of a range of nouns representative of the different facets of the countability system in English was distributed to 82 native speakers of English (NSs) and 98 non-native…
Descriptors: Morphemes, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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McManus, Kevin – Language Awareness, 2019
The present study examined the extent to which first language (L1) awareness can benefit second language (L2) grammatical learning of the French "Imparfait", a crosslinguistically complex target feature. Sixty-nine English-speaking learners of L2 French received different types of explicit information (EI) about L2 or L2 + L1…
Descriptors: Metalinguistics, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Grammar
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Watson, Annabel Mary; Newman, Ruth Malka Charlotte – Language Awareness, 2017
This study investigated the metalinguistic reflections of 12 students, aged 14-15 years, undertaking a unit of work focused on reading and writing non-fiction. The unit embedded contextualised grammar teaching into preparation for English Language examinations. Students were interviewed twice, with prompts to discuss a sample of argument text in…
Descriptors: Taxonomy, Metalinguistics, Syntax, Grammar
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Basterrechea, María; Leeser, Michael J. – Language Awareness, 2019
Research on form focused instruction has provided support for the use of collaborative tasks in which learners focus their attention on formal aspects of language and consciously reflect on their own language use (i.e. produce language-related episodes or LREs). A strand of research on LREs in different educational contexts examines the effect of…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Language of Instruction
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