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Toddlers' Verb-Marking Errors Are Predicted by the Relative Frequency of Uninflected Sequences in Well-Formed Child-Directed Speech: A Preregistered Corpus Analysis
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Hannah Sawyer; Colin Bannard; Julian Pine – Language Learning, 2024
Verb-marking errors such as "she play football" and "daddy singing" are a hallmark feature of English-speaking children's speech. We investigated the proposal that these errors are input-driven errors of commission arising from the high relative frequency of subject + unmarked verb sequences in well-formed child-directed…
Descriptors: Error Patterns, Verbs, Predictor Variables, Incidence
Morphological Markedness and the Temporal Dynamics of Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Majority and a Heritage Language
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Gregory D. Keating – Language Learning, 2025
For Spanish nouns, masculine gender is unmarked and feminine is marked. Effects of markedness on gender agreement processing are inconsistent, possibly owing to differences between online methods. This study presents a reanalysis of eye-tracking data from Keating's (2022) study on the processing of noun-adjective gender agreement in speakers of…
Descriptors: Spanish, Morphology (Languages), Form Classes (Languages), Native Language
Inducing Shifts in Attentional and Preattentive Visual Processing through Brief Training on Novel Grammatical Morphemes: An Event-Related Potential Study
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Yuyan Xue; John Williams – Language Learning, 2024
Can brief training on novel grammatical morphemes influence visual processing of nonlinguistic stimuli? If so, how deep is this effect? Here, an experimental group learned two novel morphemes highlighting the familiar concept of transitivity in sentences; a control group was exposed to the same input but with the novel morphemes used…
Descriptors: Shift Studies, Attention, Visual Perception, Grammar
Chinese Learners of English Are Conceptually Blind to Temporal Differences Conveyed by Tense
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Yang Li; Aina Casaponsa; Manon Jones; Guillaume Thierry – Language Learning, 2024
Chinese learners of English often experience difficulty with English tense presumably because their native language is tenseless. We showed that this difficulty relates to their incomplete conceptual representations for tense rather than their poor grammatical rule knowledge. Participants made acceptability judgments on sentences describing…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Foreign Countries
Bilectal Exposure Modulates Neural Signatures to Conflicting Grammatical Properties: Norway as a Natural Laboratory
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Maki Kubota; Jorge González Alonso; Merete Anderssen; Isabel Nadine Jensen; Alicia Luque; Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares; Yanina Prystauka; Øystein A. Vangsnes; Jade Jørgen Sandstedt; Jason Rothman – Language Learning, 2024
The current study investigated gender (control) and number (target) agreement processing in Northern and non-Northern Norwegians living in Northern Norway. Participants varied in exposure to Northern Norwegian (NN) dialect(s), where number marking differs from most other Norwegian dialects. In a comprehension task involving reading NN dialect…
Descriptors: Norwegian, Dialects, Grammar, Language Processing
Lexical Effects on Second Language Grammar Acquisition: Testing Psycholinguistic and Neurocognitive Predictions
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Holger Hopp; Jana Reifegerste; Michael T. Ullman – Language Learning, 2025
Second language (L2) grammar learning is difficult. Two frameworks--the psycholinguistic lexical bottleneck hypothesis and the neurocognitive declarative/procedural model--predict that faster L2 lexical processing should facilitate L2 incidental grammar learning. We tested these predictions in a pretest-posttest syntactic adaptation study of…
Descriptors: Lexicology, Vocabulary Development, Language Acquisition, Grammar
Does Early Unit Size Impact the Formation of Linguistic Predictions? Grammatical Gender as a Case Study
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Rana Abu-Zhaya; Inbal Arnon – Language Learning, 2024
Making adults learn from larger linguistic units can facilitate learning article-noun agreement. Here we ask whether initial exposure to larger units improves learning by increasing the predictive associations between the article and noun. Using an artificial language learning paradigm, we taught 106 Hebrew-speaking participants novel article-noun…
Descriptors: Prediction, Grammar, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning
MOSAIC+: A Crosslinguistic Model of Verb-Marking Errors in Typically Developing Children and Children with Developmental Language Disorder
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Daniel Freudenthal; Fernand Gobet; Julian M. Pine – Language Learning, 2024
This study extended an existing crosslinguistic model of verb-marking errors in children's early multiword speech (MOSAIC) by adding a novel mechanism that defaults to the most frequent form of the verb where this accounts for a high proportion of forms in the input. Our simulations showed that the resulting model not only provides a better…
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Error Analysis (Language), Native Language, Verbs
Practice Makes Perfect, but How Much Is Necessary? The Role of Relearning in Second Language Grammar Acquisition
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Jonathan Serfaty; Raquel Serrano – Language Learning, 2024
This study investigated how much practice is necessary for learners to attain durable second language (L2) grammar knowledge. Using digital flashcards, 119 participants practiced translating 12 sentences into an artificial language, followed by feedback, until they had typed all sentences correctly. Participants repeated this activity in one, two,…
Descriptors: Grammar, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Translation
Measuring Teenage Learners' Automatized, Explicit, and/or Implicit Knowledge: A Question of Context?
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Alexandra Schurz – Language Learning, 2024
The present study administered six test instruments to 13- to 14-year-old learners of English in Austria and Sweden (N = 213), countries offering settings with more explicit and implicit learning environments, respectively. Confirmatory Factor Analyses for Austria yielded a factor comprising timed grammaticality judgment tests, an oral narrative…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Rethinking First Language-Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights from the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project
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Noam Siegelman; Irina Elgort; Marc Brysbaert; Niket Agrawal; Simona Amenta; Jasmina Arsenijevic Mijalkovic; Christine S. Chang; Daria Chernova; Fabienne Chetail; A. J. Benjamin Clarke; Alain Content; Davide Crepaldi; Nastag Davaabold; Shurentsetseg Delgersuren; Avital Deutsch; Veronika Dibrova; Denis Drieghe; Dušica Filipovic Ðurdevic; Brittany Finch; Ram Frost; Carolina A. Gattei; Esther Geva; Aline Godfroid; Lindsay Griener; Esteban Hernández-Rivera; Anastasia Ivanenko; Juhani Järvikivi; Lea Kawaletz; Anurag Khare; Jun Ren Lee; Charlotte E. Lee; Christina Manouilidou; Marco Marelli; Timur Mashanlo; Ksenija Mišic; Koji Miwa; Pauline Palma; Ingo Plag; Zoya Rezanova; Enkhzaya Riimed; Jay Rueckl; Sascha Schroeder; Irina A. Sekerina; Diego E. Shalom; Natalia Slioussar; Neža Marija Slosar; Vanessa Taler; Kim Thériault; Debra Titone; Odonchimeg Tumee; Ross van de Wetering; Ark Verma; Anna Fiona Weiss; Denise Hsien Wu; Victor Kuperman – Language Learning, 2024
This article presents the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project that offers data on English reading and listening comprehension from 7,338 university-level advanced learners and native speakers of English representing 19 countries. The database also includes estimates of reading rate and seven component skills of English, including vocabulary,…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Native Language