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Affective Factors and the Problem of Age in Second Language Acquisition
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Schumann, John H. – Language Learning, 1975
Based on a synopsis of research studies, the relationship of second language learning to affective factors, such as language shock, attitude motivation, ego permeability, etc., is examined. Also, it is suggested that affective variables may be more important than maturation in the problems of adults in learning a second language. (MS)
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Affective Behavior, Age Differences, Attitudes
Sex and Age Effects on Willingness To Communicate, Anxiety, Perceived Competence, and L2 Motivation Among Junior High School French Immersion Students.
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MacIntyre, Peter D.; Baker, Susan C.; Clement, Richard; Donovan, Leslie A. – Language Learning, 2003
Reports a cross-sectional study of second language communication among students in a junior high French late immersion program. Effects of language, sex, and grade on willingness to communicate (WTC), anxiety, perceived communication competence, and frequency of communication in French and on attitude/motivation variables are examined globally and…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Communication Apprehension, Communicative Competence (Languages), Cross Sectional Studies