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Adriana Weisleder; Margaret Friend; Angeline Sin Mei Tsui; Virginia A. Marchman – Language Learning, 2024
A large number of children are exposed to more than one language. One well-established method of assessing early vocabulary development in monolingual children is parent report; however, its use in bilingual/multilingual contexts is less established and brings unique challenges. In this methodological scoping review, we reviewed studies of early…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Multilingualism, Vocabulary Development, Definitions
Brooks, Patricia J.; Kempe, Vera – Language Learning, 2019
The Less-Is-More hypothesis was proposed to explain age-of-acquisition effects in first language (L1) and second language (L2) learning. We scrutinize different renditions of the hypothesis by examining how learning outcomes are affected by (a) limited cognitive capacity, (b) reduced interference resulting from less prior knowledge, and (c)…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Linguistic Theory, Age Differences, Native Language
Elly Koutamanis; Gerrit Jan Kootstra; Ton Dijkstra; Sharon Unsworth – Language Learning, 2025
This study examined the influence of cognate status and language distance on simultaneous bilingual children's vocabulary acquisition. It aimed to tease apart effects of word-level similarities and language-level similarities, while also exploring the role of individual-level variation in age, exposure, and nontarget language proficiency. Children…
Descriptors: Child Language, Language Acquisition, Bilingual Education, Bilingualism
de Vos, Johanna F.; Schriefers, Herbert; Nivard, Michel G.; Lemhöfer, Kristin – Language Learning, 2018
We meta-analyzed the effectiveness of incidental second language word learning from spoken input. Our sample contained 105 effect sizes from 32 primary studies employing meaning-focused word-learning activities with 1,964 participants with typical cognitive functioning. The random-effects meta-analysis yielded a mean effect size of g = 1.05,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Vocabulary Development, Oral Language, Effect Size
Kim, Hyunwoo; Hwang, Haerim – Language Learning, 2022
Extending previous findings on adult L2 learners' integration of verbal and constructional information, this study investigated how child learners of English as a foreign language produce verbs in target constructions and whether (a) receptive skills and (b) the specific production modality (spoken versus written) modulate the integration process.…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Receptive Language
Keating, Gregory D. – Language Learning, 2022
Montrul's (2008) onset age hypothesis predicts that, if attrition occurs in early bilingualism, it will be more severe in simultaneous than in sequential bilinguals. This study tested that prediction in an eye-tracking experiment focused on the processing of Spanish gender agreement during sentence reading. Heritage Spanish speakers exposed to…
Descriptors: Spanish, Grammar, Heritage Education, Linguistic Theory
Service, Elisabet; Yli-Kaitala, Hely; Maury, Sini; Kim, Jeong-Young – Language Learning, 2014
Although the significance of age in second language acquisition is one of the most hotly debated issues in the field, very few studies have directly addressed age differences in the language learning process. The present study investigated learning in a foreign-word repetition task. Young Finnish adults and 8-year-olds repeated back Korean words.…
Descriptors: Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Age Differences, Task Analysis
Burgoyne, Kelly; Duff, Fiona J.; Nielsen, Dea; Ulicheva, Anastasia; Snowling, Margaret J. – Language Learning, 2016
We present the case study of MB--a bilingual child with Down syndrome (DS) who speaks Russian (first language [L1]) and English (second language [L2]) and has learned to read in two different alphabets with different symbol systems. We demonstrate that, in terms of oral language, MB is as proficient in Russian as English, with a mild advantage for…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Literacy, Russian, Second Language Learning
Simpson Baird, Ashley; Palacios, Natalia; Kibler, Amanda – Language Learning, 2016
This study examined young emergent bilinguals' cognate and false cognate knowledge and vocabulary outcomes on four early-language assessments in English and Spanish. Findings revealed that children were able to use shared phonology of words--before they had developed extensive knowledge about their orthography--to recognize and produce cognates.…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Vocabulary Development, Phonology, Literacy
Dimroth, Christine – Language Learning, 2018
This study investigated the predictions of two approaches to second language acquisition. According to the usage-based approach, learner knowledge results from the strengths and weaknesses of input-driven statistical learning. According to the learner-varieties approach, pragmatic communication principles and language-internal constraints play…
Descriptors: Grammar, Polish, Second Language Learning, Syntax
Kourtali, Nektaria-Efstathia; Révész, Andrea – Language Learning, 2020
This study investigated the effects of task complexity on child learners' second language (L2) gains, the relationship between aptitude and L2 development, and the extent to which task complexity influences this relationship when recasts are provided. Sixty child EFL learners were assigned to two experimental groups. During the treatment, one…
Descriptors: Language Aptitude, Second Language Learning, Comparative Analysis, Task Analysis
Mann, Wolfgang; Sheng, Li; Morgan, Gary – Language Learning, 2016
This study compared the lexical-semantic organization skills of bilingually developing deaf children in American Sign Language (ASL) and English with those of a monolingual hearing group. A repeated meaning-association paradigm was used to assess retrieval of semantic relations in deaf 6-10-year-olds exposed to ASL from birth by their deaf…
Descriptors: Semantics, American Sign Language, Hearing (Physiology), English
Languages as Categories: Reframing the "One Language or Two" Question in Early Bilingual Development
Byers-Heinlein, Krista – Language Learning, 2014
One of the most enduring questions in the field of bilingualism is whether bilingual infants and children initially have one language system or two. Research with adults indicates that, while bilinguals do not represent their languages in two fully encapsulated language systems, they are able to functionally differentiate their languages. This…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Language Processing, Infants, Language Research
Uzal, Melike; Peltonen, Teemu; Huotilainen, Minna; Aaltonen, Olli – Language Learning, 2015
This study investigated whether children born in a second language (L2) environment pronounce their L2 with foreign accents and, if so, when foreign accents first emerge. This study also examined the latest age of onset (AO) of extensive L2 experience at which native L2 pronunciation is possible and explored several factors that affect the degree…
Descriptors: Turkish, Finno Ugric Languages, Second Language Learning, Foreign Countries
Verhagen, Josje; Leseman, Paul; Messer, Marielle – Language Learning, 2015
Previous studies show that second language (L2) learners with large phonological memory spans outperform learners with smaller memory spans on tests of L2 grammar. The current study investigated the relationship between phonological memory and L2 grammar in more detail than has been done earlier. Specifically, we asked how phonological memory…
Descriptors: Phonology, Grammar, Second Language Learning, Indo European Languages