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Oppenheim, Gary M.; Griffin, Zenzi; Peña, Elizabeth D.; Bedore, Lisa M. – Language Learning, 2020
Theories of how language works have shifted from rule-like competence accounts to more skill-like incremental learning accounts. Under these, people acquire language incrementally, through practice, and may even lose it incrementally as they acquire competing mappings. Incremental learning implies that (1) a bilingual's abilities in their…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Language Usage, Children, Family Environment
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Flores, Cristina; Gürel, Ayse; Putnam, Michael T. – Language Learning, 2020
Heritage languages (HLs) are acquired in contexts of unbalanced input, or situations in which children receive primary exposure to the family/HL and experience an abrupt shift after the child begins formal schooling. As a consequence, HL speakers normally become more dominant in the environmental language, while the development of the HL is…
Descriptors: Native Language, Heritage Education, Linguistic Input, Language Acquisition