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Direct linkJaekel, Nils; Schurig, Michael; Florian, Merle; Ritter, Markus – Language Learning, 2017
Foreign language education has now been implemented at the elementary school level across Europe, and early foreign language education has gained traction following language policies set by the European Commission. The long-term effects of an early start, however, have not received ample scientific scrutiny. The present study assessed early…
Descriptors: Second Language Instruction, Grade 5, Grade 7, Foreign Countries
Sparks, Richard L.; Patton, Jon – Language Learning, 2013
The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) has been challenged on the grounds that it may also assess language learning skills. In this study, 128 students who had been administered measures of first language (L1) skills in elementary school were followed from 1st to 10th grade. Fifty-three students had completed second language (L2)…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Native Language, Elementary School Students, Language Aptitude
Sparks, Richard L. – Language Learning, 2012
In this article, I describe studies conducted over 25 years with secondary and post-secondary L2 learners in the United States. The evidence from these studies shows that there are important connections between students' early L1 skills and their L2 aptitude and L2 proficiency and that individual differences in students' L1 skills in elementary…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, College Students, Individual Differences, Language Research
Peer reviewedReeback, Robert T. – Language Learning, 1971
Earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual TESOL convention in New Orleans, Louisiana, in March 1971. (DS)
Descriptors: Communication Skills, Elementary School Students, English (Second Language), Individual Differences
