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Aarnes Gudmestad; Thomas A. Metzger – Language Learning, 2025
In this Methods Showcase Article, we illustrate mixed-effects modeling with a multinomial dependent variable as a means of explaining complexities in language. We model data on future-time reference in second language Spanish, which consists of a nominal dependent variable that has three levels, measured over 73 participants. We offer step-by-step…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Spanish, Applied Linguistics, Predictor Variables
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Caroline F. Rowland; Amy Bidgood; Gary Jones; Andrew Jessop; Paula Stinson; Julian M. Pine; Samantha Durrant; Michelle S. Peter – Language Learning, 2025
A strong predictor of children's language is performance on non-word repetition (NWR) tasks. However, the basis of this relationship remains unknown. Some suggest that NWR tasks measure phonological working memory, which then affects language growth. Others argue that children's knowledge of language/language experience affects NWR performance. A…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Comparative Analysis, Computational Linguistics, Language Skills
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Valentini, Alessandra; Serratrice, Ludovica – Language Learning, 2023
Research on monolingual children has shown that listening comprehension is predicted by a range of language and cognitive skills; less is known about predictors of listening comprehension in bilingual children and about the role of language input. This study presents longitudinal data on predictors of English listening comprehension in 100…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Predictor Variables, Listening Comprehension, Bilingual Students
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Tskhovrebova, Ekaterina; Zufferey, Sandrine; Gygax, Pascal – Language Learning, 2022
Many connectives, such as "therefore" and "however," are used very frequently in the written modality. Their acquisition thus represents an important milestone in developing written language competences. In this article, we assess the development of competence with such connectives by native French speakers in a sentence-level…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Writing Skills, Native Speakers, French
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Schmid, Monika S.; Karayayla, Tugba – Language Learning, 2020
Recent decades have seen an increase in research informing our understanding of the complex ways in which bilingual development is shaped by biological, cognitive, and behavioral factors. We investigate the predictors that shape, drive, and constrain the development of the first language (L1) of bilinguals, focusing on 92 Turkish-English bilingual…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Language Acquisition
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Pellicer-Sánchez, Ana; Conklin, Kathy; Vilkaite-Lozdiene, Laura – Language Learning, 2021
This study examined the effect of pre-reading vocabulary instruction on learners' attention and vocabulary learning. We randomly assigned participants (L1 = 92; L2 = 88) to one of four conditions: pre-reading instruction, where participants' received explicit instruction on six novel items and read a text with the items repeated eight times;…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Second Language Learning, Language Acquisition, Comparative Analysis
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Misyak, Jennifer B.; Christiansen, Morten H. – Language Learning, 2012
Although statistical learning and language have been assumed to be intertwined, this theoretical presupposition has rarely been tested empirically. The present study investigates the relationship between statistical learning and language using a within-subject design embedded in an individual-differences framework. Participants were administered…
Descriptors: Comprehension, Sentences, Short Term Memory, Statistics
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Verhoeven, Ludo T. – Language Learning, 1991
The purpose of this study was to identify factors that predict the first- and second-language proficiency of ethnic minority children at the age of six. Results of the study show two dimensions that underlie children's proficiency in either language: communicative skills versus cognitive/academic skills. (45 references) (JL)
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Cognitive Ability, Communication Skills, Dutch