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Calafato, Raees; Gudim, Freda – Language Teaching Research, 2022
In light of the growing importance placed by states on the use of authentic materials in foreign language education programs, this study explored the literary content found in the 18 English, French, and German ministry-approved language textbooks used in upper-secondary schools in Russia. The study identified 150 literary texts, following which…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Textbooks
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Ignatova, Olga; Kalyuga, Slava; Sweller, John – Language Teaching Research, 2023
The imagination effect occurs when students learn better from imagining concepts and procedures rather than from studying them. Cognitive load theory explains the effect by better use of available working memory resources and increased productive, intrinsic cognitive load. The effect has been found in numerous empirical studies. However, in the…
Descriptors: Imagination, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Teaching Methods