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Direct linkLing, Guangming; Mollaun, Pamela; Xi, Xiaoming – Language Testing, 2014
The scoring of constructed responses may introduce construct-irrelevant factors to a test score and affect its validity and fairness. Fatigue is one of the factors that could negatively affect human performance in general, yet little is known about its effects on a human rater's scoring quality on constructed responses. In this study, we compared…
Descriptors: Evaluators, Fatigue (Biology), Scoring, Performance
Bridgeman, Brent; Powers, Donald; Stone, Elizabeth; Mollaun, Pamela – Language Testing, 2012
Scores assigned by trained raters and by an automated scoring system (SpeechRater[TM]) on the speaking section of the TOEFL iBT[TM] were validated against a communicative competence criterion. Specifically, a sample of 555 undergraduate students listened to speech samples from 184 examinees who took the Test of English as a Foreign Language…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Speech Communication, Rating Scales, Scoring
