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Farshad Effatpanah; Purya Baghaei; Mona Tabatabaee-Yazdi; Esmat Babaii – Language Testing, 2025
This study aimed to propose a new method for scoring C-Tests as measures of general language proficiency. In this approach, the unit of analysis is sentences rather than gaps or passages. That is, the gaps correctly reformulated in each sentence were aggregated as sentence score, and then each sentence was entered into the analysis as a polytomous…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Language Tests, Test Items, Test Construction
Hitoshi Nishizawa – Language Testing, 2024
Corpus-based studies have offered the domain definition inference for test developers. Yet, corpus-based studies on temporal fluency measures (e.g., speech rate) have been limited, especially in the context of academic lecture settings. This made it difficult for test developers to sample representative fluency features to create authentic…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Computer Assisted Testing
Ute Knoch; Jason Fan – Language Testing, 2024
While several test concordance tables have been published, the research underpinning such tables has rarely been examined in detail. This study aimed to survey the publically available studies or documentation underpinning the test concordance tables of the providers of four major international language tests, all accepted by the Australian…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English, Test Validity, Item Analysis
Eberharter, Kathrin; Kormos, Judit; Guggenbichler, Elisa; Ebner, Viktoria S.; Suzuki, Shungo; Moser-Frötscher, Doris; Konrad, Eva; Kremmel, Benjamin – Language Testing, 2023
In online environments, listening involves being able to pause or replay the recording as needed. Previous research indicates that control over the listening input could improve the measurement accuracy of listening assessment. Self-pacing also supports the second language (L2) comprehension processes of test-takers with specific learning…
Descriptors: Literacy, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Yufan Zhao; Vahid Aryadoust – Language Testing, 2025
This study examined the semantic features of the simulated mini-lectures in the listening sections of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) based on automatized semantic analysis to explore the content validity of the two tests. Two study corpora were utilized, the IELTS…
Descriptors: Semantics, Computational Linguistics, Academic Language, Second Language Learning
Aryadoust, Vahid; Foo, Stacy; Ng, Li Ying – Language Testing, 2022
The aim of this study was to investigate how test methods affect listening test takers' performance and cognitive load. Test methods were defined and operationalized as while-listening performance (WLP) and post-listening performance (PLP) formats. To achieve the goal of the study, we examined test takers' (N = 80) brain activity patterns…
Descriptors: Listening Comprehension Tests, Language Tests, Eye Movements, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Pearson, William S. – Language Testing, 2023
Many candidates undertaking high-stakes English language proficiency tests for academic enrolment do not achieve the results they need for reasons including linguistic unreadiness, test unpreparedness, illness, an unfavourable configuration of tasks, or administrative and marking errors. Owing to the importance of meeting goals or out of a belief…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests
Schnoor, Birger; Hartig, Johannes; Klinger, Thorsten; Naumann, Alexander; Usanova, Irina – Language Testing, 2023
Research on assessing English as a foreign language (EFL) development has been growing recently. However, empirical evidence from longitudinal analyses based on substantial samples is still needed. In such settings, tests for measuring language development must meet high standards of test quality such as validity, reliability, and objectivity, as…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Longitudinal Studies
Kaya, Elif; O'Grady, Stefan; Kalender, Ilker – Language Testing, 2022
Language proficiency testing serves an important function of classifying examinees into different categories of ability. However, misclassification is to some extent inevitable and may have important consequences for stakeholders. Recent research suggests that classification efficacy may be enhanced substantially using computerized adaptive…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Items, Language Tests, Classification
Assessing the Speaking Proficiency of L2 Chinese Learners: Review of the Hanyu Shuiping Kouyu Kaoshi
Li, Albert W. – Language Testing, 2023
The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) is a multi-level, multi-purpose Chinese proficiency test developed by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation (previously the Office of Chinese Language Council International and, henceforth, referred to by its colloquial name "Hanban"). It assesses reading, writing, and listening skills of…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Language Proficiency, Chinese, Second Language Learning
Nicklin, Christopher; Vitta, Joseph P. – Language Testing, 2022
Instrument measurement conducted with Rasch analysis is a common process in language assessment research. A recent systematic review of 215 studies involving Rasch analysis in language testing and applied linguistics research reported that 23 different software packages had been utilized. However, none of the analyses were conducted with one of…
Descriptors: Programming Languages, Vocabulary Development, Language Tests, Computer Software
Isbell, Dan; Winke, Paula – Language Testing, 2019
The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) oral proficiency interview -- computer (OPIc) testing system represents an ambitious effort in language assessment: Assessing oral proficiency in over a dozen languages, on the same scale, from virtually anywhere at any time. Especially for users in contexts where multiple foreign…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Tests, Language Proficiency, Second Language Learning
Löwenadler, John – Language Testing, 2019
This study aims to investigate patterns of variation in the interplay of L2 language ability and general reading comprehension skills in L2 reading, by comparing item-level effects of test-takers' results on L1 and L2 reading comprehension tests. The material comes from more than 500,000 people tested on L1 (Swedish) and L2 (English) in the…
Descriptors: Swedish, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Deygers, Bart; Vanbuel, Marieke – Language Testing, 2022
The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) is a widely used test of receptive vocabulary, but no researchers to date have examined the performance of low-educated, low-literate L2 adults, or compared these individuals' performances to their more highly educated peers. In this study, we used many-facet Rasch analysis and mixed-effects linear…
Descriptors: Literacy, Educational Background, Verbal Ability, Intelligence Tests
Košak-Babuder, Milena; Kormos, Judit; Ratajczak, Michael; Pižorn, Karmen – Language Testing, 2019
One of the special arrangements in testing contexts is to allow dyslexic students to listen to the text while they read. In our study, we investigated the effect of read-aloud assistance on young English learners' language comprehension scores. We also examined whether students with dyslexia identification benefit from this assistance differently…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Identification, Scores, English (Second Language)