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Monteiro, Kátia; Crossley, Scott; Botarleanu, Robert-Mihai; Dascalu, Mihai – Language Testing, 2023
Lexical frequency benchmarks have been extensively used to investigate second language (L2) lexical sophistication, especially in language assessment studies. However, indices based on semantic co-occurrence, which may be a better representation of the experience language users have with lexical items, have not been sufficiently tested as…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Languages, Native Language, Semantics
Junlan Pan; Emma Marsden – Language Testing, 2024
"Tests of Aptitude for Language Learning" (TALL) is an openly accessible internet-based battery to measure the multifaceted construct of foreign language aptitude, using language domain-specific instruments and L1-sensitive instructions and stimuli. This brief report introduces the components of this theory-informed battery and…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Aptitude Tests, Second Language Learning, Test Construction
Randez, Robert A.; Cornell, Caitlin – Language Testing, 2023
Promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) has become a unifying cause within applied linguistics. Whether highlighting the experiences of linguistically diverse learners across the social class spectrum or advocating for the inclusion of marginalized populations in research, researchers within the subfields of applied linguistics have…
Descriptors: Equal Education, Language Tests, Students with Disabilities, Inclusion
Shungo Suzuki; Judit Kormos – Language Testing, 2025
The current study examined the extent to which first language (L1) utterance fluency measures can predict second language (L2) fluency and how L2 proficiency moderates the relationship between L1 and L2 fluency. A total of 104 Japanese-speaking learners of English completed different argumentative speech tasks in their L1 and L2. Their speaking…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Fluency
Olson, Daniel J. – Language Testing, 2023
Measuring language dominance, broadly defined as the relative strength of each of a bilingual's two languages, remains a crucial methodological issue in bilingualism research. While various methods have been proposed, the Bilingual Language Profile (BLP) has been one of the most widely used tools for measuring language dominance. While previous…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Language Dominance, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Trace, Jonathan – Language Testing, 2020
Originally designed to measure reading and passage comprehension in L1 readers, cloze tests continue to be used for L2 assessment purposes. However, there remain disputes about whether or not cloze items can measure beyond local comprehension information, as well as whether or not they are purely a test of reading alone, or if performance can be…
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Second Language Learning, Reading Comprehension, Native Language
Batty, Aaron Olaf; Haug, Tobias; Ebling, Sarah; Tissi, Katja; Sidler-Miserez, Sandra – Language Testing, 2023
Sign languages present particular challenges to language assessors in relation to variation in signs, weakly defined citation forms, and a general lack of standard-setting work even in long-established measures of productive sign proficiency. The present article addresses and explores these issues via a mixed-methods study of a human-rated…
Descriptors: Sign Language, Language Tests, Standard Setting, Barriers
Drackert, Anastasia; Timukova, Anna – Language Testing, 2020
In view of the ubiquitous increase in the use of C-tests, which are almost unanimously believed to measure general language proficiency, this study investigates whether the aspects of language proficiency tapped into by the C-test format are the same when the test is taken by a learner population other than that of foreign language learners.…
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Language Tests, Russian, Second Language Learning
Holzknecht, Franz; McCray, Gareth; Eberharter, Kathrin; Kremmel, Benjamin; Zehentner, Matthias; Spiby, Richard; Dunlea, Jamie – Language Testing, 2021
Studies from various disciplines have reported that spatial location of options in relation to processing order impacts the ultimate choice of the option. A large number of studies have found a primacy effect, that is, the tendency to prefer the first option. In this paper we report on evidence that position of the key in four-option…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Test Items, Multiple Choice Tests, Listening Comprehension Tests
Monfils, Lora F.; Manna, Venessa F. – Language Testing, 2021
This study used survival analysis to examine the patterns and factors associated with time to achieving designated score criteria on a test of English as a foreign language. This was modeled using an extension of the Cox regression model, with two criterion score levels defined as achieving a TOEFL iBT® total test scale score at or above the…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Scores
Li, Shuai; Wen, Ting; Li, Xian; Feng, Yali; Lin, Chuan – Language Testing, 2023
This study compared holistic and analytic marking methods for their effects on parameter estimation (of examinees, raters, and items) and rater cognition in assessing speech act production in L2 Chinese. Seventy American learners of Chinese completed an oral Discourse Completion Test assessing requests and refusals. Four first-language (L1)…
Descriptors: Speech Acts, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Chinese
Hung Tan Ha; Duyen Thi Bich Nguyen; Tim Stoeckel – Language Testing, 2024
Word frequency has a long history of being considered the most important predictor of word difficulty and has served as a guideline for several aspects of second language vocabulary teaching, learning, and assessment. However, recent empirical research has challenged the supremacy of frequency as a predictor of word difficulty. Accordingly,…
Descriptors: Word Frequency, Vocabulary Skills, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Vandeweerd, Nathan; Housen, Alex; Paquot, Magali – Language Testing, 2023
This study investigates whether re-thinking the separation of lexis and grammar in language testing could lead to more valid inferences about proficiency across modes. As argued by Römer, typical scoring rubrics ignore important information about proficiency encoded at the lexis-grammar interface, in particular how the co-selection of lexical and…
Descriptors: French, Language Tests, Grammar, Second Language Learning
Schnoor, Birger; Hartig, Johannes; Klinger, Thorsten; Naumann, Alexander; Usanova, Irina – Language Testing, 2023
Research on assessing English as a foreign language (EFL) development has been growing recently. However, empirical evidence from longitudinal analyses based on substantial samples is still needed. In such settings, tests for measuring language development must meet high standards of test quality such as validity, reliability, and objectivity, as…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Longitudinal Studies
Eberharter, Kathrin; Kormos, Judit; Guggenbichler, Elisa; Ebner, Viktoria S.; Suzuki, Shungo; Moser-Frötscher, Doris; Konrad, Eva; Kremmel, Benjamin – Language Testing, 2023
In online environments, listening involves being able to pause or replay the recording as needed. Previous research indicates that control over the listening input could improve the measurement accuracy of listening assessment. Self-pacing also supports the second language (L2) comprehension processes of test-takers with specific learning…
Descriptors: Literacy, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction