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Cameron, Richard – Language Variation and Change, 1998
Variationist account of how direct quotations are framed in spoken Spanish requires definition of variable and envelope of variation followed by investigation of linguistic, stylistic, and social constraints. Variable is defined as set of three strategies for directly quoting speech, gestures, and sound effects of people, animals, or things in…
Descriptors: Body Language, Language Styles, Language Variation, Nouns
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Watt, Dominic J. L. – Language Variation and Change, 2000
The distribution of variants of the FACE and GOAT vowels in Tyneside English (TE) is assessed with reference to the age, sex, and social class of 32 adult TE speakers. Effects of phonological context and speaking style are also examined. Patterns in the data are suggestive of dialect leveling, whereby localized speech variants become recessive and…
Descriptors: Adults, Age, English, Foreign Countries