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Gestures, but Not Meaningless Movements, Lighten Working Memory Load when Explaining Math
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Cook, Susan Wagner; Yip, Terina Kuangyi; Goldin-Meadow, Susan – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2012
Gesturing is ubiquitous in communication and serves an important function for listeners, who are able to glean meaningful information from the gestures they see. But gesturing also functions for speakers, whose own gestures reduce demands on their working memory. Here we ask whether gesture's beneficial effects on working memory stem from its…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Nonverbal Communication, Speech Communication, Mathematics
Processing Relative Clauses by Hungarian Typically Developing Children
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Kas, Bence; Lukacs, Agnes – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2012
Hungarian is a language with morphological case marking and relatively free word order. These typological characteristics make it a good ground for testing the crosslinguistic validity of theories on processing sentences with relative clauses. Our study focused on effects of structural factors and processing capacity. We tested 43 typically…
Descriptors: Phrase Structure, Form Classes (Languages), Short Term Memory, Language Processing
Parallel Processing and Sentence Comprehension Difficulty
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Boston, Marisa Ferrara; Hale, John T.; Vasishth, Shravan; Kliegl, Reinhold – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2011
Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty, but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers' eye fixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses…
Descriptors: Sentences, Eye Movements, Language Processing, Short Term Memory
Short-Term Forgetting in Sentence Comprehension: Crosslinguistic Evidence from Verb-Final Structures
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Vasishth, Shravan; Suckow, Katja; Lewis, Richard L.; Kern, Sabine – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2010
Seven experiments using self-paced reading and eyetracking suggest that omitting the middle verb in a double centre embedding leads to easier processing in English but leads to greater difficulty in German. One commonly accepted explanation for the English pattern--based on data from offline acceptability ratings and due to Gibson and Thomas…
Descriptors: Sentences, Sentence Structure, Verbs, Grammar
An ERP Study of the Processing of Subject and Object Relative Clauses in Japanese
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Ueno, Mieko; Garnsey, Susan M. – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2008
Using reading times and event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we investigated the processing of Japanese subject and object relative clauses (SRs/ORs). Previous research on English relative clauses shows that ORs take longer to read (King & Just, 1991) and elicit anterior negativity between fillers and gaps (King & Kutas, 1995), which is…
Descriptors: Sentences, Short Term Memory, Language Processing, Japanese
Plasticity of Grammatical Recursion in German Learners of Dutch
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Davidson, Douglas J.; Indefrey, Peter – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2009
Previous studies have examined cross-serial and embedded complement clauses in West Germanic in order to distinguish between different types of working memory models of human sentence processing, as well as different formal language models. Here, adult plasticity in the use of these constructions is investigated by examining the response of…
Descriptors: Verbs, Grammar, Short Term Memory, Sentences