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Mitchell, Julia R.; Trettel, Sean G.; Li, Anna J.; Wasielewski, Sierra; Huckleberry, Kylie A.; Fanikos, Michaela; Golden, Emily; Laine, Mikaela A.; Shansky, Rebecca M. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Pavlovian fear conditioning is a widely used behavioral paradigm for studying associative learning in rodents. Despite early recognition that subjects may engage in a variety of both conditioned and unconditioned responses, the last several decades have seen the field narrow its focus to measure freezing as the sole indicator of conditioned fear.…
Descriptors: Fear, Animals, Gender Differences, Responses
Vasudevan, Krithika; Ramanathan, Karthik R.; Vierkant, Valerie; Maren, Stephen – Learning & Memory, 2022
Recent data reveal that the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) has a critical role in the extinction of conditioned fear. Muscimol (MUS) infusions into the RE impair within-session extinction of conditioned freezing and result in poor long-term extinction memories in rats. Although this suggests that RE inactivation impairs extinction learning, it is…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Conditioning, Fear, Animals
Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Nord, Marie; Stefanczyk, Michal Mikolaj; Larsson, Maria – Learning & Memory, 2022
Reinstating the olfactory learning context can increase access to memory information, but it is not fully clear which memory functions are subject to an enhancing odor context reinstatement effect. Here, we tested whether congruent odor context during encoding and recall positively affected declarative and nondeclarative memory scores using a…
Descriptors: Olfactory Perception, Recall (Psychology), Story Telling, Information Retrieval
Sneddon, Elizabeth A.; Riddle, Collin A.; Schuh, Kristen M.; Quinn, Jennifer J.; Radke, Anna K. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Early life stress (ELS) experiences can cause changes in cognitive and affective functioning. This study examined the persistent effects of a single traumatic event in infancy on several adult behavioral outcomes in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mice received 15 footshocks in infancy and were tested for stress-enhanced fear learning, extinction…
Descriptors: Fear, Trauma, Animals, Stress Variables
Derouet, Joffrey; Droit-Volet, Sylvie; Doyère, Valérie – Learning & Memory, 2021
The present study evaluates the updating of long-term memory for duration. After learning a temporal discrimination associating one lever with a standard duration (4 sec) and another lever with both a shorter (1-sec) and a longer (16-sec) duration, rats underwent a single session for learning a new standard duration. The temporal generalization…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Time Factors (Learning), Task Analysis
Wong, J. Y. Hilary; Wan, Bo Angela; Bland, Tom; Montagnese, Marcella; McLachlan, Alex D.; O'Kane, Cahir J.; Zhang, Shuo Wei; Masuda-Nakagawa, Liria M. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Discrimination of sensory signals is essential for an organism to form and retrieve memories of relevance in a given behavioral context. Sensory representations are modified dynamically by changes in behavioral state, facilitating context-dependent selection of behavior, through signals carried by noradrenergic input in mammals, or octopamine (OA)…
Descriptors: Human Body, Olfactory Perception, Animal Behavior, Memory
Taylor, William W.; Imhoff, Barry R.; Sathi, Zakia Sultana; Liu, Wei Y.; Garza, Kristie M.; Dias, Brian G. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Dysfunctions in memory recall lead to pathological fear; a hallmark of trauma-related disorders, like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both, heightened recall of an association between a cue and trauma, as well as impoverished recall that a previously trauma-related cue is no longer a threat, result in a debilitating fear toward the cue.…
Descriptors: Brain, Memory, Recall (Psychology), Brain Hemisphere Functions
Jordan, Jake T.; Tong, Yi; Pytte, Carolyn L. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Plasticity is a neural phenomenon in which experience induces long-lasting changes to neuronal circuits and is at the center of most neurobiological theories of learning and memory. However, too much plasticity is maladaptive and must be balanced with substrate stability. Area CA3 of the hippocampus provides such a balance via hemispheric…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Memory, Learning Processes