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Mitchell, Julia R.; Trettel, Sean G.; Li, Anna J.; Wasielewski, Sierra; Huckleberry, Kylie A.; Fanikos, Michaela; Golden, Emily; Laine, Mikaela A.; Shansky, Rebecca M. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Pavlovian fear conditioning is a widely used behavioral paradigm for studying associative learning in rodents. Despite early recognition that subjects may engage in a variety of both conditioned and unconditioned responses, the last several decades have seen the field narrow its focus to measure freezing as the sole indicator of conditioned fear.…
Descriptors: Fear, Animals, Gender Differences, Responses
Vasudevan, Krithika; Ramanathan, Karthik R.; Vierkant, Valerie; Maren, Stephen – Learning & Memory, 2022
Recent data reveal that the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) has a critical role in the extinction of conditioned fear. Muscimol (MUS) infusions into the RE impair within-session extinction of conditioned freezing and result in poor long-term extinction memories in rats. Although this suggests that RE inactivation impairs extinction learning, it is…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Conditioning, Fear, Animals
Briggs, James F.; McMullen, Kaitlyn M. – Learning & Memory, 2020
We investigated whether cycloheximide (CHX) would induce amnesia for the stress-induced impairment of extinction retrieval. First, a single restraint stress session was demonstrated to impair extinction retrieval, but not fear conditioning. A second experiment showed that when CHX was administered immediately after restraint, rats exhibited…
Descriptors: Memory, Stress Variables, Animals, Learning Processes
Sneddon, Elizabeth A.; Riddle, Collin A.; Schuh, Kristen M.; Quinn, Jennifer J.; Radke, Anna K. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Early life stress (ELS) experiences can cause changes in cognitive and affective functioning. This study examined the persistent effects of a single traumatic event in infancy on several adult behavioral outcomes in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mice received 15 footshocks in infancy and were tested for stress-enhanced fear learning, extinction…
Descriptors: Fear, Trauma, Animals, Stress Variables
Derouet, Joffrey; Droit-Volet, Sylvie; Doyère, Valérie – Learning & Memory, 2021
The present study evaluates the updating of long-term memory for duration. After learning a temporal discrimination associating one lever with a standard duration (4 sec) and another lever with both a shorter (1-sec) and a longer (16-sec) duration, rats underwent a single session for learning a new standard duration. The temporal generalization…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Time Factors (Learning), Task Analysis
Bergstrom, Hadley C.; Lieberman, Abby G.; Graybeal, Carolyn; Lipkin, Anna M.; Holmes, Andrew – Learning & Memory, 2020
Most experimental preparations demonstrate a role for dorsolateral striatum (DLS) in stimulus-response, but not outcome-based, learning. Here, we assessed DLS involvement in a touchscreen-based reversal task requiring mice to update choice following a change in stimulus-reward contingencies. In vivo single-unit recordings in the DLS showed…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Stimuli, Responses, Learning Processes
Hippocampal Efferents to Retrosplenial Cortex and Lateral Septum Are Required for Memory Acquisition
Opalka, Ashley N.; Wang, Dong V. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Learning and memory involves a large neural network of many brain regions, including the notable hippocampus along with the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and lateral septum (LS). Previous studies have established that the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) plays a critical role during the acquisition and retrieval/expression of episodic memories. However, the…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear
Mancini, Nino; Hranova, Sia; Weber, Julia; Weiglein, Alice; Schleyer, Michael; Weber, Denise; Thum, Andreas S.; Gerber, Bertram – Learning & Memory, 2019
Adjusting behavior to changed environmental contingencies is critical for survival, and reversal learning provides an experimental handle on such cognitive flexibility. Here, we investigate reversal learning in larval "Drosophila." Using odor-taste associations, we establish olfactory reversal learning in the appetitive and the aversive…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Olfactory Perception, Rewards, Punishment
Bjorni, Max; Rovero, Natalie G.; Yang, Elissa R.; Holmes, Andrew; Halladay, Lindsay R. – Learning & Memory, 2020
While results from many past studies have implicated the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in mediating the expression of sustained negative affect, recent studies have highlighted a more complex role for BNST that includes aspects of fear learning in addition to defensive responding. As BNST is thought to encode ambiguous or…
Descriptors: Fear, Cues, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Learning Processes
Jordan, Jake T.; Tong, Yi; Pytte, Carolyn L. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Plasticity is a neural phenomenon in which experience induces long-lasting changes to neuronal circuits and is at the center of most neurobiological theories of learning and memory. However, too much plasticity is maladaptive and must be balanced with substrate stability. Area CA3 of the hippocampus provides such a balance via hemispheric…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Memory, Learning Processes
Piantadosi, Patrick T.; Yeates, Dylan C. M.; Floresco, Stan B. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Fear can potently inhibit ongoing behavior, including reward-seeking, yet the neural circuits that underlie such suppression remain to be clarified. Prior studies have demonstrated that distinct subregions of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) differentially affect fear behavior, whereby fear expression is promoted by the more dorsal…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear, Conditioning
Jones, Meghan E.; Sillivan, Stephanie E.; Jamieson, Sarah; Rumbaugh, Gavin; Miller, Courtney A. – Learning & Memory, 2019
microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potent regulators of learning, recent memory, and extinction. However, our understanding of miRNAs directly involved in regulating complex psychiatric conditions perpetuated by aberrant memory, such as in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), remains limited. To begin to address the role of miRNAs in persistent…
Descriptors: Genetics, Stress Variables, Fear, Memory
Temme, Stephanie J.; Murphy, Geoffrey G. – Learning & Memory, 2017
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LVGCCs) have been implicated in both the formation and the reduction of fear through Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction. Despite the implication of LVGCCs in fear learning and extinction, studies of the individual LVGCC subtypes, Ca[subscript V]1.2 and Ca[subscript V] 1.3, using transgenic mice have…
Descriptors: Fear, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals, Anxiety
Atlas, Lauren Y.; Phelps, Elizabeth A. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Fear-relevant stimuli such as snakes and spiders are thought to capture attention due to evolutionary significance. Classical conditioning experiments indicate that these stimuli accelerate learning, while instructed extinction experiments suggest they may be less responsive to instructions. We manipulated stimulus type during instructed aversive…
Descriptors: Fear, Stimuli, Hypothesis Testing, Visual Stimuli
Voulo, Meagan E.; Parsons, Ryan G. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Fear conditioning studies in rodents allow us to assess vulnerability factors which might underlie fear-based psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite PTSD being more prevalent in females than males, very few fear conditioning studies in rodents have tested females. Our study assessed fear conditioning and extinction…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Retention (Psychology), Fear, Learning Processes