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Taylor, William W.; Imhoff, Barry R.; Sathi, Zakia Sultana; Liu, Wei Y.; Garza, Kristie M.; Dias, Brian G. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Dysfunctions in memory recall lead to pathological fear; a hallmark of trauma-related disorders, like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both, heightened recall of an association between a cue and trauma, as well as impoverished recall that a previously trauma-related cue is no longer a threat, result in a debilitating fear toward the cue.…
Descriptors: Brain, Memory, Recall (Psychology), Brain Hemisphere Functions
Vasudevan, Krithika; Ramanathan, Karthik R.; Vierkant, Valerie; Maren, Stephen – Learning & Memory, 2022
Recent data reveal that the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) has a critical role in the extinction of conditioned fear. Muscimol (MUS) infusions into the RE impair within-session extinction of conditioned freezing and result in poor long-term extinction memories in rats. Although this suggests that RE inactivation impairs extinction learning, it is…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Conditioning, Fear, Animals
Wang, Yi-Wen; Ashby, F. Gregory – Learning & Memory, 2020
Despite much research, the role of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in category learning is unclear. Two unstructured categorization experiments explored conditions that might recruit MTL category learning and memory systems--namely, whether the stimulus display includes one or two stimuli, and whether category membership depends on configural…
Descriptors: Role, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Classification, Memory
Sneddon, Elizabeth A.; Riddle, Collin A.; Schuh, Kristen M.; Quinn, Jennifer J.; Radke, Anna K. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Early life stress (ELS) experiences can cause changes in cognitive and affective functioning. This study examined the persistent effects of a single traumatic event in infancy on several adult behavioral outcomes in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mice received 15 footshocks in infancy and were tested for stress-enhanced fear learning, extinction…
Descriptors: Fear, Trauma, Animals, Stress Variables
Wong, J. Y. Hilary; Wan, Bo Angela; Bland, Tom; Montagnese, Marcella; McLachlan, Alex D.; O'Kane, Cahir J.; Zhang, Shuo Wei; Masuda-Nakagawa, Liria M. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Discrimination of sensory signals is essential for an organism to form and retrieve memories of relevance in a given behavioral context. Sensory representations are modified dynamically by changes in behavioral state, facilitating context-dependent selection of behavior, through signals carried by noradrenergic input in mammals, or octopamine (OA)…
Descriptors: Human Body, Olfactory Perception, Animal Behavior, Memory
Bisby, Madelyne A.; Baker, Kathryn D.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2018
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are considered critical for the consolidation of extinction but recent work challenges this assumption. Namely, NMDARs are not required for extinction retention in infant rats as well as when extinction training occurs for a second time (i.e., reextinction) in adult rats. In this study, a possible third instance of…
Descriptors: Fear, Learning Processes, Conditioning, Brain
Bergstrom, Hadley C.; Lieberman, Abby G.; Graybeal, Carolyn; Lipkin, Anna M.; Holmes, Andrew – Learning & Memory, 2020
Most experimental preparations demonstrate a role for dorsolateral striatum (DLS) in stimulus-response, but not outcome-based, learning. Here, we assessed DLS involvement in a touchscreen-based reversal task requiring mice to update choice following a change in stimulus-reward contingencies. In vivo single-unit recordings in the DLS showed…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Stimuli, Responses, Learning Processes
Lotfipour, Shahrdad; Mojica, Celina; Nakauchi, Sakura; Lipovsek, Marcela; Silverstein, Sarah; Cushman, Jesse; Tirtorahardjo, James; Poulos, Andrew; Elgoyhen, Ana Belén; Sumikawa, Katumi; Fanselow, Michael S.; Boulter, Jim – Learning & Memory, 2017
The absence of a2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in oriens lacunosum moleculare (OLM) GABAergic interneurons ablate the facilitation of nicotine-induced hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation and impair memory. The current study delineated whether genetic mutations of a2* nAChRs ("Chrna2"[superscript L9'S/L9'S] and…
Descriptors: Brain, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals, Long Term Memory
Hippocampal Efferents to Retrosplenial Cortex and Lateral Septum Are Required for Memory Acquisition
Opalka, Ashley N.; Wang, Dong V. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Learning and memory involves a large neural network of many brain regions, including the notable hippocampus along with the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and lateral septum (LS). Previous studies have established that the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) plays a critical role during the acquisition and retrieval/expression of episodic memories. However, the…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear
Trent, Simon; Barnes, Philip; Hall, Jeremy; Thomas, Kerrie L. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) supports fear memory through synaptic plasticity events requiring actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. We have previously shown that reducing hippocampal Arc levels through antisense knockdown leads to the premature extinction of contextual fear. Here we show that the AMPA receptor antagonist…
Descriptors: Fear, Memory, Learning Processes, Brain
Bjorni, Max; Rovero, Natalie G.; Yang, Elissa R.; Holmes, Andrew; Halladay, Lindsay R. – Learning & Memory, 2020
While results from many past studies have implicated the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in mediating the expression of sustained negative affect, recent studies have highlighted a more complex role for BNST that includes aspects of fear learning in addition to defensive responding. As BNST is thought to encode ambiguous or…
Descriptors: Fear, Cues, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Learning Processes
Jordan, Jake T.; Tong, Yi; Pytte, Carolyn L. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Plasticity is a neural phenomenon in which experience induces long-lasting changes to neuronal circuits and is at the center of most neurobiological theories of learning and memory. However, too much plasticity is maladaptive and must be balanced with substrate stability. Area CA3 of the hippocampus provides such a balance via hemispheric…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Memory, Learning Processes
Goode, Travis D.; Maren, Stephen – Learning & Memory, 2017
Surviving threats in the environment requires brain circuits for detecting (or anticipating) danger and for coordinating appropriate defensive responses (e.g., increased cardiac output, stress hormone release, and freezing behavior). The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a critical interface between the "affective…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Fear, Brain, Neurology
Cho, Christina; Linster, Christiane – Learning & Memory, 2020
We present evidence that experience and cholinergic modulation in an early sensory network interact to improve certainty about olfactory stimuli. The data we present are in agreement with existing theoretical ideas about the functional role of acetylcholine but highlight the importance of early sensory networks in addition to cortical networks. We…
Descriptors: Olfactory Perception, Sensory Integration, Stimuli, Role
Piantadosi, Patrick T.; Yeates, Dylan C. M.; Floresco, Stan B. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Fear can potently inhibit ongoing behavior, including reward-seeking, yet the neural circuits that underlie such suppression remain to be clarified. Prior studies have demonstrated that distinct subregions of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) differentially affect fear behavior, whereby fear expression is promoted by the more dorsal…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear, Conditioning