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Colon, Lorianna; Odynocki, Natalie; Santarelli, Anthony; Poulos, Andrew M. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Development and sex differentiation impart an organizational influence on the neuroanatomy and behavior of mammalian species. Prior studies suggest that brain regions associated with fear motivated defensive behavior undergo a protracted and sex-dependent development. Outside of adult animals, evidence for developmental sex differences in…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Fear, Behavior
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Burman, Michael A.; Gewirtz, Jonathan C. – Learning & Memory, 2004
In two experiments, the time course of the expression of fear in trace (hippocampus-dependent) versus delay (hippocampus-independent) conditioning was characterized with a high degree of temporal specificity using fear-potentiated startle. In experiment 1, groups of rats were given delay fear conditioning or trace fear conditioning with a 3- or…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Conditioning, Fear, Anxiety