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Rollins, Leslie; Khuu, Alexis; Lodi, Nafeesa – Learning & Memory, 2019
On forced-choice tests of recognition memory, performance is best when targets are paired with novel foils (A-X), followed by corresponding lures (A-A'), and then noncorresponding lures (A-B'). The current study tested the prediction that encoding variability accounts for reduced performance on A-B' trials. Young adults (n = 43) completed the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Young Adults
Rungratsameetaweemana, Nuttida; Squire, Larry R. – Learning & Memory, 2018
The hippocampus has long been recognized as important for the formation of long-term memory. Recent work has suggested that the hippocampus might also be important for certain kinds of spatial operations, as in constructing scenes, shifting perspective, or perceiving the geometry of scenes and their boundaries. We explored this proposal using a…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Impairments, Visual Stimuli, Comparative Analysis
Guo, Chao; Du, Yifei; Yuan, Deliang; Li, Meixia; Gong, Haiyun; Gong, Zhefeng; Liu, Li – Learning & Memory, 2015
Orientation, the spatial organization of animal behavior, is an essential faculty of animals. Bacteria and lower animals such as insects exhibit taxis, innate orientation behavior, directly toward or away from a directional cue. Organisms can also orient themselves at a specific angle relative to the cues. In this study, using…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Entomology, Cues, Visual Perception
Holden, Heather M.; Toner, Chelsea; Pirogovsky, Eva; Kirwan, C. Brock; Gilbert, Paul E. – Learning & Memory, 2013
Young and nondemented older adults completed a visual object continuous recognition memory task in which some stimuli (lures) were similar but not identical to previously presented objects. The lures were hypothesized to result in increased interference and increased pattern separation demand. To examine variability in object pattern separation…
Descriptors: Young Adults, Older Adults, Visual Perception, Recognition (Psychology)
Lee, Inah; Shin, Ji Yun – Learning & Memory, 2012
The exact roles of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in conditional choice behavior are unknown and a visual contextual response selection task was used for examining the issue. Inactivation of the mPFC severely disrupted performance in the task. mPFC inactivations, however, did not disrupt the capability of perceptual discrimination for visual…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Cues, Visual Perception, Task Analysis
Stark, Craig E. L.; Okado, Yoko; Loftus, Elizabeth F. – Learning & Memory, 2010
Many current theories of false memories propose that, when we retrieve a memory, we are not reactivating a veridical, fixed representation of a past event, but are rather reactivating incomplete fragments that may be accurate or distorted and may have arisen from other events. By presenting the two phases of the misinformation paradigm in…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Memory, Auditory Perception, Visual Perception
Bellgowan, Patrick S. F.; Buffalo, Elizabeth A.; Bodurka, Jerzy; Martin, Alex – Learning & Memory, 2009
The perirhinal and entorhinal cortices are critical components of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) declarative memory system. Study of their specific functions using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), however, has suffered from severe magnetic susceptibility signal dropout resulting in poor…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Recognition (Psychology), Brain, Spatial Ability
Fischer, Quentin S.; Aleem, Salman; Zhou, Hongyi; Pham, Tony A. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Prolonged visual deprivation from early childhood to maturity is believed to cause permanent visual impairment. However, there have been case reports of substantial improvement of binocular vision in human adults following lifelong visual impairment or deprivation. These observations, together with recent findings of adult ocular dominance…
Descriptors: Environmental Influences, Human Body, Vision, Visual Impairments
Minini, Loredana; Jeffery, Kathryn J. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Visual discrimination tasks are increasingly used to explore the neurobiology of vision in rodents, but it remains unclear how the animals solve these tasks: Do they process shapes holistically, or by using low-level features such as luminance and angle acuity? In the present study we found that when discriminating triangles from squares, rats did…
Descriptors: Animals, Cognitive Processes, Visual Stimuli, Visual Perception