Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss the role that spiritual development plays in the development of learning individuals and organizations. Spiritual development has been examined though the lens of various meditative practices (such as transcendental meditation, mindfulness and flow) and religious indoctrinations (such as…

Principles of self-management embodied in learning organizations are not accurately reflected in practices used to build learning organizations. There is an inherent contradiction in learning organization initiatives: the attempt to link individual development with organizational strategy tends to restrict the possibility of creating a learning…

Purpose: This is a comment for all those writers who claim that organizations cannot learn. The author consistently rejects this notion. Rather the author contends that organizations can learn, in at least two different ways. Design/methodology/approach: The author reviews some of the common arguments against organizational learning, and tries to…

A study of two university centers that operate in-house work-based learning programs for employers showed that employees gained considerable benefits, although there were tensions between their self-development needs and organizational needs. Organizations increased the intellectual capital of the work force but needed better ways to manage…