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Download full textDarling-Hammond, Sean – Learning Policy Institute, 2023
Many schools use exclusionary discipline--such as suspensions and expulsions--to deter students from misbehaving and to protect students from the harms associated with exposure to student misbehavior. Research indicates that, while often implemented with good intentions, exclusionary discipline increases (rather than deters) misbehavior and risks…
Descriptors: Discipline, Behavior Problems, Student Behavior, Suspension
Rucker C. Johnson – Learning Policy Institute, 2023
In 2013, California implemented an ambitious school funding reform, the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF), which allocates state funding by the proportion of unduplicated "high-need" students in the district: those from low-income families, English learners, and those in foster care. The goal of LCFF was to reduce academic achievement…
Descriptors: Funding Formulas, Educational Finance, Resource Allocation, Low Income Students
Rucker C. Johnson – Learning Policy Institute, 2023
In 2013, California implemented an ambitious school funding reform, the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF), which allocates state funding by the proportion of unduplicated "high-need" students in the district: those from low-income families, English learners, and those in foster care. Using student-level longitudinal data for all…
Descriptors: Funding Formulas, Educational Finance, Resource Allocation, Low Income Students
