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Are Deaf Students Visual Learners?
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Marschark, Marc; Morrison, Carolyn; Lukomski, Jennifer; Borgna, Georgianna; Convertino, Carol – Learning and Individual Differences, 2013
It is frequently assumed that by virtue of their hearing losses, deaf students are visual learners. Deaf individuals have some visual-spatial advantages relative to hearing individuals, but most have been linked to use of sign language rather than auditory deprivation. How such cognitive differences might affect academic performance has been…
Descriptors: Deafness, Cognitive Style, College Students, Spatial Ability
Inferring Cross Sections of 3D Objects: A New Spatial Thinking Test
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Cohen, Cheryl A.; Hegarty, Mary – Learning and Individual Differences, 2012
A new spatial ability test was administered online to 223 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory science courses. The 30-item multiple choice test measures individual differences in ability to identify the two-dimensional cross section of a three-dimensional geometric solid, a skill that has been identified as important in science,…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Visual Measures, Multiple Choice Tests, Test Items
Reducing the Sex Difference in Math Anxiety: The Role of Spatial Processing Ability
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Maloney, Erin A.; Waechter, Stephanie; Risko, Evan F.; Fugelsang, Jonathan A. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2012
Decades of research have demonstrated that women experience higher rates of math anxiety--that is, negative affect when performing tasks involving numerical and mathematical skill--than men. Researchers have largely attributed this sex difference in math anxiety to factors such as social stereotypes and propensity to report anxiety. Here we…
Descriptors: Evidence, Undergraduate Students, Stereotypes, Gender Differences
Item Type and Gender Differences on the Mental Rotations Test
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Voyer, Daniel; Doyle, Randi A. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
This study investigated gender differences on the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) as a function of item and response types. Accordingly, 86 male and 109 female undergraduate students completed the MRT without time limits. Responses were coded as reflecting two correct (CC), one correct and one wrong (CW), two wrong (WW), one correct and one blank…
Descriptors: Test Items, Gender Differences, Undergraduate Students, Spatial Ability
How Spatial Abilities Enhance, and Are Enhanced by, Dental Education
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Hegarty, Mary; Keehner, Madeleine; Khooshabeh, Peter; Montello, Daniel R. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2009
In two studies with a total of 324 participants, dentistry students were assessed on psychometric measures of spatial ability, reasoning ability, and on new measures of the ability to infer the appearance of a cross-section of a three-dimensional (3-D) object. We examined how these abilities and skills predict success in dental education programs,…
Descriptors: Dental Schools, Dentistry, Anatomy, Spatial Ability
Cognitive Styles and Instructional Design in University Learning
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Thomas, Patrick R.; McKay, Jacinta B. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
Changes in conceptualization and measurement of the verbalizer-visualizer dimension led us to re-examine the hypothesis that students learn best when instructional material matches their cognitive style. First-year psychology university students (n = 41) studied information on three personality theories presented in text only, text+picture, or…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Instructional Design, Measures (Individuals), Instructional Materials