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Winterbauer, Neil E.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Three experiments with rat subjects examined resurgence of an extinguished instrumental response using the procedure introduced by Epstein (1983) with pigeons. There were three phases: (1) initial acquisition of pressing on a lever (L1) for pellet reward, (2) extinction of L1, and (3) a test session in which a second lever (L2) was inserted,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experimental Psychology, Animals, Laboratory Experiments
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Urcelay, Gonzalo P.; Lipatova, Olga; Miller, Ralph R. – Learning and Motivation, 2009
Three Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments with rats as subjects explored the effect of extinction in the presence of a concurrent excitor. Our aim was to explore this particular treatment, documented in previous studies to deepen extinction, with novel control groups to shed light on the processes involved in extinction. Relative to subjects…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Classical Conditioning, Animals, Experiments
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Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana P. G.; Altman, Meaghan – Learning and Motivation, 2009
arrow]US associations also survived The memories of the unconditioned stimulus (US) and its absence (No US), symbolized as S[superscript R] and S[superscript N], respectively, may be retrieved on US or No US trials giving rise to four types of associations, S[superscript R][right arrow]US, S[superscript R][right arrow]No US, S[superscript N][right…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animal Behavior, Rewards, Experimental Psychology
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Blechert, Jens; Michael, Tanja; Williams, S. Lloyd; Purkis, Helena M.; Wilhelm, Frank H. – Learning and Motivation, 2008
Contemporary theories of Pavlovian conditioning propose a distinction between signal learning (SL), in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes a predictor for a biologically significant unconditioned stimulus (US), and evaluative learning (EL), in which the valence of the US is transferred to the CS. This distinction is based largely on the…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Psychophysiology, Fear
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Woods, Amanda M.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Three experiments with rats examined reacquisition of an operant response after either extinction or a response-elimination procedure that included occasional reinforced responses during extinction. In each experiment, reacquisition was slower when response elimination had included occasional reinforced responses, although the effect was…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Animals
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Melchers, Klaus G.; Lachnit, Harold; Shanks, David R. – Learning and Motivation, 2004
In two human skin conductance conditioning experiments we investigated whether processing of stimulus compounds can be influenced by past experience. Participants were either pre-trained with a discrimination problem that could be solved elementally (A+, B-, AB+, C- in Experiment 1 and A+, AB+, C-, CB- in Experiment 2) or one that required a…
Descriptors: Experiential Learning, Stimulation, Classical Conditioning, Learning Processes