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Ortega, Leonardo A.; Prado-Rivera, Mayerli A.; Cardenas-Poveda, D. Carolina; McLinden, Kristina A.; Glueck, Amanda C.; Gutierrez, German; Lamprea, Marisol R.; Papini, Mauricio R. – Learning and Motivation, 2013
The present research explored the effects of restraint stress on two situations involving incentive downshift: consummatory successive negative contrast (cSNC) and extinction of escape behavior in the Barnes maze. First, Experiment 1 confirmed that the restraint stress procedure used in these experiments increased levels of circulating…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Animals, Stress Variables, Restraints (Vehicle Safety)
Peckford, Genieve; McRae, Samantha M.; Thorpe, Christina M.; Martin, Gerard M.; Skinner, Darlene M. – Learning and Motivation, 2013
When trained to locate a hidden platform in a T-maze moved between two positions, rats appear to adopt a conditional strategy based on start point discrimination. To determine if location cues or orientation cues at the start point underlie this discrimination, separate groups of rats were trained on two place problems, each with unique start…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Cues, Animals, Task Analysis
Grieves, Roderick M.; Dudchenko, Paul A. – Learning and Motivation, 2013
Previous work has shown that children are able to make a spatial inference about adjacent locations that have only been experienced indirectly (Hazen, Lockman, & Pick, 1978). We sought to replicate this finding in rats, on a conceptually analogous task. In a first experiment, rats (n = 8) were given 110 training trials on a task in which they…
Descriptors: Cognitive Mapping, Inferences, Spatial Ability, Animals
April, L. Brooke; Bruce, Katherine; Galizio, Mark – Learning and Motivation, 2013
The olfactory span task (OST) uses an incrementing non-matching to sample procedure such that the number of stimuli to remember increases during the session. The number of consecutive correct responses (span length) and percent correct as a function of the memory load have been viewed as defining rodent working memory capacity limitations in…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Responses, Familiarity, Performance
Simmons, Sabrina; Santi, Angelo – Learning and Motivation, 2012
Rats were trained in a symbolic delayed matching-to-sample task to discriminate sample stimuli that consisted of the presence of food or the absence of food. Asymmetrical sample training was provided in which one group was initially trained with only the food sample and the other group was initially trained with only the no-food sample. In…
Descriptors: Intervals, Memory, Lighting, Animals
Martin, Gerard M.; Pirzada, Ashar; Bridger, Alexander; Tomlin, Julian; Thorpe, Christina M.; Skinner, Darlene M. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Rats were able to search multiple food cups in a foraging task and successfully return to a fixed, but not a variable, start location. Reducing the number of food cups to be searched resulted in an improvement in performance in the variable start condition. Performance was better when only one or two food cups had to be visited but was still…
Descriptors: Food, Task Analysis, Animals, Performance
Martin-Ordas, Gema; Atance, Cristina M.; Louw, Alyssa – Learning and Motivation, 2012
In this paper we describe a special form of future thinking, termed "episodic foresight" and its relation with episodic and semantic memory. We outline the methodologies that have largely been developed in the last five years to assess this capacity in young children and non-human animals. Drawing on Tulving's definition of episodic and semantic…
Descriptors: Memory, Semantics, Criticism, Role
Paleja, Meera; Girard, Todd A.; Christensen, Bruce K. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Spatial pattern separation (SPS) and spatial pattern completion (SPC) have played an increasingly important role in computational and rodent literatures as processes underlying associative memory. SPS and SPC are complementary processes, allowing the formation of unique representations and the reconstruction of complete spatial environments based…
Descriptors: Animals, Cues, Memory, Language Processing
Tanno, Takayuki; Kurashima, Ryo; Watanabe, Shigeru – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Impulsive behavior has been investigated through choice between a smaller/immediate reinforcer and a larger/delayed reinforcer, or through performance on a differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedule. In the present study, we investigated a methodological divergence between these two procedures: in the former procedure, delay is a…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Conceptual Tempo, Motivation
Meulders, Ann; Vervliet, Bram; Vansteenwegen, Debora; Hermans, Dirk; Baeyens, Frank – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Unpredictability of an unconditioned stimulus (US) typically produces context conditioning in animals and humans. We modified the Martians task--a computer game measuring learning of Pavlovian associations through conditioned suppression--for assessing context conditioning in humans. One between-subjects and one within-subjects study are reported.…
Descriptors: Animals, Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Games
Pinto, Carlos; Machado, Armando – Learning and Motivation, 2011
To better understand short-term memory for temporal intervals, we re-examined the choose-short effect. In Experiment 1, to contrast the predictions of two models of this effect, the subjective shortening and the coding models, pigeons were exposed to a delayed matching-to-sample task with three sample durations (2, 6 and 18 s) and retention…
Descriptors: Intervals, Infants, Tests, Short Term Memory
Santi, Angelo; Hoover, Claire; Simmons, Sabrina – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Rats were trained in a duration-comparison task to press one lever if the comparison duration ("c") was 1.2-s shorter than a standard duration ("s"), and another lever if c was 1.2-s longer than s. The interval between s and c duration was 1 s. The 10 duration pairs used during training controlled for the absolute duration of "c" and the total…
Descriptors: Intervals, Children, Animals, Task Analysis
Forcano, L.; Santamaria, J.; Mackintosh, N. J.; Chamizo, V. D. – Learning and Motivation, 2009
In Experiments 1 and 2, rats were trained in a Morris pool to find a hidden platform located some distance away from a single landmark. Males learned to swim to the platform faster than females, but on test trials without the platform, males, unlike females, spent less time in the platform quadrant of the pool in the second half of each test trial…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Task Analysis, Animals, Navigation
Muller, Melissa D.; Fountain, Stephen B. – Learning and Motivation, 2010
Three experiments examined the processes mediating rat serial pattern learning for rule-consistent versus rule-violating pattern elements ("violation elements"). In all three experiments, rats were trained to press retractable levers in a circular array in a specific sequence for brain-stimulation reward (BSR). Experiment 1 examined the role of…
Descriptors: Animals, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Serial Ordering
Grant, Douglas S. – Learning and Motivation, 2006
Pigeons were trained in a matching task with either color (group color-first) or line (group line-first) samples. After asymmetrical training in which each group was initially trained with the same sample on all trials, marked retention asymmetries were obtained. In both groups, accuracy dropped precipitously on trials involving the initially…
Descriptors: Retention (Psychology), Animals, Cognitive Processes, Animal Behavior
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