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Orne, Jerrold – Library Trends, 1972
Background information, the present status, and future needs for standards in library technology are discussed. (9 references) (SJ)
Descriptors: Library Automation, Library Standards, Technology

Crawford, Walt – Library Trends, 1982
Considers aspects of building, maintaining, and using United States MARC format and other related standards, discussing costs and benefits, MARC and the American National Standards Institute's Z39 standard, effects of MARC on content and processing, compatibility between and within standards, and MARC in practice. Nineteen sources are cited. (EJS)
Descriptors: Cataloging, Costs, Databases, Information Retrieval

King, Geraldine B. – Library Trends, 1983
Current trends in public library reference service include use of online systems; budget constraints in public sector; increased service; use, training, and supervision of paraprofessionals; centralized organization of reference service; participation in management of reference services; and more realistic attempts at measurement and evaluation of…
Descriptors: Budgets, Databases, Library Administration, Library Automation