Because traditional leadership discourages creativity and initiative, an alternative model is needed for transforming organizational culture. Key elements are formulating an inspiring vision, determining crucial interventions, developing close friendships with managers, building a network, and seeking support. (SK)

Outlines the evolution of interpersonal skills training courses for managers into an action learning, learner-centered approach. Presents a four-phase model (confidence to learn, competence, comfort, and improved performance) and describes the phases of competence development: input, discovery, and reflection. (SK)