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Koretz, Daniel – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2015
Accountability has become a primary function of large-scale testing in the United States. The pressure on educators to raise scores is vastly greater than it was several decades ago. Research has shown that high-stakes testing can generate behavioral responses that inflate scores, often severely. I argue that because of these responses, using…
Descriptors: Accountability, Educational Testing, Test Construction, Test Validity
Lane, Suzanne – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
In Shepard's (1997) discussion on the importance of test use and consequences in a validity argument for educational assessments, she reflected on Cronbach and Meehl's (1955) perspective on the role of test developers in providing consequential evidence. In the following year, a special issue in "Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice"…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Test Use, Test Results, Test Validity
Koretz, Daniel – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
Haertel's argument is that one must "expand the scope of test validation to include indirect testing effects" because these effects are often the "rationale for the entire testing program." The author strongly agrees that this is essential. However, he maintains that Haertel's argument does not go far enough and that there are two additional…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Test Validity, Test Results, Testing Programs
Ercikan, Kadriye – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
In the context of using tests for educational improvement, Haertel's article--"How Is Testing Supposed to Improve Schooling?"--highlights how the measurement field falls short on validation efforts and demonstrates how by posing the question of how testing is supposed to improve schooling one may start testing different hypotheses about the…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Educational Improvement, Test Validity, Educational Change
Bachman, Lyle – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
At the outset of his thoughtful and thought-provoking article, Haertel (this issue) clearly identifies the issue with which he will be dealing: The disjunct, or gap, in current approaches to evaluating the merits of a given test, between the intended uses of that test and the validity of its score-based interpretations. The author thinks that…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Test Use, Test Validity, Test Interpretation
Engelhard, George, Jr.; Wind, Stefanie A. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
In 2012, Edward Haertel received the NCME Career Contributions Award. The focus article for this issue emerged from his address on the topic "How Is Testing Supposed to Improve Schooling?" His focus article provides a discussion of the relationships between testing and schooling in which he issues a call to action to the measurement community to…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Educational Improvement, Social Action, Test Results
Shepard, Lorrie A. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
In his article, Haertel (this issue) asks a fundamental question about how use of a test is expected to cause improvements in the educational system and in learning. He also considers how test validity should be investigated and argues for a more expansive view of validity that does not stop with scoring or generalization (the more technical and…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Test Validity, Test Results, Test Construction
Ho, Andrew – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
In his thoughtful focus article, Haertel (this issue) pushes testing experts to broaden the scope of their validation efforts and to invite scholars from other disciplines to join them. He credits existing validation frameworks for helping the measurement community to identify incomplete or nonexistent validity arguments. However, he notes his…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Scores, Test Use, Test Validity
Haertel, Edward – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
The author is deeply gratified by the commentators' thoughtful responses and finds almost nothing to disagree with in any of them. Each offers additional insights prompting further reflection. In drawing out just a few common themes, this brief rejoinder omits many important ideas from the individual contributions. As stated in his title, the…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Educational Improvement, Test Interpretation, Test Use
Briggs, Derek C. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
In his focus article "How Is Testing Supposed to Improve Schooling?" Ed Haertel distinguishes between seven uses of educational tests as a function of the intended action and what or who will be influenced by the intended action. He then applies Mike Kane's interpretive argument approach (Kane, 2006) as a basis for speculating about the validity…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Accountability, Educational Improvement, Teacher Evaluation
Briggs, Derek C. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2010
The use of large-scale assessments for making high stakes inferences about students and the schools in which they are situated is premised on the assumption that tests are sensitive to good instruction. An increase in the quality of classroom instruction should cause, on the average, an increase in test scores. In work with a number of colleagues…
Descriptors: Measurement, High Stakes Tests, Inferences, Scores
Haertel, Edward – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2013
Validation research for educational achievement tests is often limited to an examination of intended test score interpretations. This article calls for an expansion of validation research in three dimensions. First, validation must attend to actual test use and its consequences, not just score meaning. Second, validation must attend to unintended…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Educational Improvement, Test Validity, Achievement Tests
Walker, Michael E. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2010
"Linking" is a term given to a general class of procedures by which one represents scores X on one test or measure in terms of scores Y on another test or measure. A recent taxonomy by Holland and Dorans (2006; Holland, 2007) organizes the various types of links into three broad categories: prediction, scale aligning, and equating. In…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Test Construction, Test Validity, Measurement Techniques
Baird, Jo-Anne – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2010
Newton's article (2010) makes three main contributions to the literature. First, it is transatlantic, bringing together literatures that have been dealing with similar problems, using sometimes different methods and certainly with distinctive educational, cultural perspectives. He points out that neither of these literatures has all of the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Predictive Validity, Standards, Ethics
Hill, Heather C. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2007
The author offers some thoughts on commentator's reactions to the substance of the measures, particularly those about measuring teacher learning and change, based on the major uses of the measures, and because this is a significant challenge facing test development as an enterprise. If teacher learning results in more integrated knowledge or…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Tests, Measurement, Faculty Development
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