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Peer reviewedHelms, Janet E. – Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 1999
This article provides a meta-analysis of 38 studies of J. E. Helms and R. T. Carter's (1990) White Racial Identity Attitude Scale. Systematic measurement errors are implicated as influences on the measure's reliability and validity. (Author/MKA)
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Reliability, Validity
Peer reviewedLemon, Rochelle L.; Waehler, Charles A. – Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 1996
Found that the test-retest reliabilities of two measures--(RIAS-B) and (WRIAS)--imply that racial identity may reflect more state characteristics (conditions or events) than trait characteristics (stable). Measures of self-derogation, self-esteem, and ethnic identity were also correlated with the racial identity scales. (RJM)
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Attitude Measures, Blacks, College Students
