The utility of the maximum likelihood F-test was demonstrated as an alternative to the omnibus Chi-square test when evaluating model fit in confirmatory factor analysis with small samples, as it has been well documented that the likelihood ratio test (T[subscript ML]) with small samples is not Chi-square distributed.

American Educational Research Association (AERA) standards stipulate that researchers show evidence of the internal structure of instruments. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is one structural equation modeling procedure designed to assess construct validity of assessments that has broad applicability for counselors interested in instrument…

Proactive preliminary minimum sample size determination can be useful for the early planning stages of a latent variable modeling study to set a realistic scope, long before the model and population are finalized. This study examined existing methods and proposed a new method for proactive preliminary minimum sample size determination.