Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Counselor Self-Reflection Inventory (CSRI) from a Transformative Learning Theory framework for counselors, and counselors-in-training to use in clinical and training settings. Method: A sample of 351, mostly female (86.89%), white (85.19%), counselors with MS or MA (88.08%)…

This study provided preliminary evidence for a new Social Media Identity Distress Scale (SMIDS) using two subsamples of emerging adults (18-25 years of age) from Amazon Turk (each n = 373). The factor analysis revealed a single-factor scale explaining 72.9% of the variance in the items and supported a 20-item version of the original 66-item…

Using a multiphased and mixed method approach to instrument development, the ISS-C was composed of 16 items extracted into four factors, which demonstrated adequate model fit. The ISS-C scores showed good internal consistency, convergent validity, and temporal stability, while some aspects of discriminant validity remain suboptimal.

This study describes the development and initial testing of the Multidimensional Cultural Humility Scale (MCHS), a counselor-report scale to measure a counselor's cultural humility, with a sample of 861 participants. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal reliability coefficients revealed evidence for the…

We developed the Beliefs and Evaluations About Counseling Services (BEACS) scale by incorporating a mathematical formula adopted from the Theory of Reasoned Action. We conducted three studies using distinctive samples for item generation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and obtained the validity evidence for scores from the scale.

To facilitate rigorous research on community programs to promote positive intergroup relations among youth, 2 studies were conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the Youth Diversity Acceptance Scale (YoDA). In Study 1, a unifactorial structure was identified for the YoDA using data provided by 126 high school youth involved in a…

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a data reduction technique used to condense data into smaller sets of summary variables by identifying underlying factors potentially accounting for patterns of collinearity among said variables. Using an illustrative example, the 5 general steps of EFA are described with best practices for decision making…

The authors present the development of the Helping Professional Wellness Discrepancy Scale (HPWDS). The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) present a rationale for the HPWDS; (b) review statistical analyses procedures used to develop the HPWDS; and (c) offer implications for counselors, other helping professionals, and future research.

We examined the construction for a modified Acceptance of Couple Violence (ACV) scale administered to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer college students (N = 266) measuring intimate partner violence. We ran an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis; results identified 1 factor for the instrument explaining 76% of the variance in…

Research focused on student belonging has sometimes used available measures in a unidimensional way despite evidence of multidimensionality in these scales. This study introduces a new unidimensional measure of school belonging that is psychometrically robust with preliminary evidence of construct validity that we call the Simple School Belonging…

The authors present the development of the Research Competencies Scale (RCS). The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) present a rationale for the RCS, (b) review statistical analysis procedures used in developing the RCS, and (c) offer implications for counselor education, the enhancement of scholar-researchers, and future research.

This study investigated the factor structure of the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory (JBLI) with a sample of 429 Turkish participants. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the validated 10-factor model of JBLI did not fit the Turkish data. Therefore, a parallel analysis and an exploratory factor analysis were used to create the JBLI…

Intimate partner violence (IPV) classifications have treatment implications for couples. This study tested the psychometrics of the Continuum of Conflict and Control Relationship Scale (CCC-RS) and examined differences between violence severity and CCC-RS scales. A sample of 575 low-income, ethnically diverse participants contributed data. Results…

We administered the Family Adjustment Measure to 368 parents of children with special needs to identify positive adjustment. We randomly split the sample to conduct exploratory factor analysis ("n" = 194) and confirmatory factor analysis ("n" = 174). Results indicated four possible subscales and that explain 51% of the variance.

The authors present the development of the Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES). The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) present a rationale for the ELICSES, (b) review statistical analysis procedures used to develop the ELICSES, and (c) offer implications for future research and counselor education.