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Wells, Gordon – Modern Language Journal, 1999
Responds to a previous article on native-language (L1) use in the collaborative interaction of native English-speaking adult learners of Spanish as a second language, which found that the L1 serves a critical function in students' attempts to mutually define task elements, provide each other with scaffolding help, and externalize inner speech.…
Descriptors: Adult Education, Adult Students, Classroom Communication, English

Anton, Marta; DiCamilla, Frederick J. – Modern Language Journal, 1999
A study of native-language (L1) use in the collaborative interaction of five dyads of native English-speaking adult learners of Spanish as a second language found that L1 serves a critical function in students' attempts to mutually define task elements, provide each other with scaffolding help, and externalize inner speech. (Author/MSE)
Descriptors: Adult Education, Adult Students, Classroom Communication, English