This study investigates task-related variation in learner performance in a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) environment. For our study, we collected data from 15 beginner and then intermediate second language (L2) learners of German who worked on 3 distinct activity types over 16 months: free composition, translation, and sentence…

Discusses the effect of a 10-week, 40-hour program used to prepare 16,000 elementary school (ES) teachers to teach English when it becomes compulsory in Dutch elementary schools. A second issue examined is the competency level an ES teacher must reach to teach a foreign language in elementary school. (SED)

A review of research on foreign language proficiency, constraints of language learning, and constraints of the learner suggests that current oral language proficiency standards and tests are more helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of a foreign language program than in evaluating the achievement of individual students. (CB)