This article presents our response to Oud and Folmer's "Modeling Oscillation, Approximately or Exactly?" (2011), which criticizes aspects of our article, "Latent Differential Equation Modeling of Self-Regulatory and Coregulatory Affective Processes" (2011). In this response, we present a conceptual explanation of the derivative-based estimation…

The topic of this article is the interpretation of structural equation modeling (SEM) solutions. Its purpose is to augment structural modeling's metatheoretic resources while enhancing awareness of how problematic is the causal significance of SEM-parameter solutions. Part I focuses on the nonuniqueness and consequent dubious interpretability of…

Presents a necessary and sufficient condition for the equivalence of structural-equation models that is applicable to models with parameter restrictions and models that may or may not fulfill assumptions of the rules. Illustrates the application of the approach for studying model equivalence. (SLD)

It is shown that, for equivalent structural equation models that have been extended to multigroup models, imposing cross-group equality constraints on no parameters, all parameters, or any number of parameters for which the models are identical preserves the model equivalence property. Results are illustrated with two-group cognitive intervention…

A core assumption of the standard multiple regression model is independence of residuals, the violation of which results in biased standard errors and test statistics. The structural equation model (SEM) generalizes the regression model in several key ways, but the SEM also assumes independence of residuals. The multilevel model (MLM) was…

Criteria for factor identification in factor analysis according to J. Algina (1980) are summarized, and a procedure is presented to determine rotationally underidentified factors by adding restrictors and to carry out the rotation for old and new restrictions and in latent path analysis. Two illustrations are presented. (SLD)

In this article, a case-deletion procedure is proposed to detect influential observations in a nonlinear structural equation model. The key idea is to develop the diagnostic measures based on the conditional expectation of the complete-data log-likelihood function in the EM algorithm. An one-step pseudo approximation is proposed to reduce the…

An algorithm for obtaining initial values for the minimization process in covariance structure analysis is developed that is more generally applicable for computing parameters connected to latent variables than the currently existing ones. The algorithm is formulated in terms of the RAM model but can be extended. (SLD)

Presents a method for estimating the random coefficients model using covariance structure modeling and allowing one to estimate both fixed and random effects. The method is applied to real and simulated data, including marriage data from J. Belsky and M. Rovine (1990). (SLD)

Discusses , in the context of confirmatory latent class analysis, model selection using Bayes factors and (pseudo) likelihood ratio statistics. Uses a small simulation study to show that in this context, Bayes factors and the pseudo likelihood ratio statistics have the best properties. (SLD)

Two recent indices of fit, the Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI) (R. P. McDonald and H. W. Marsh, 1990) and the Comparative Fit Index (P. M. Bentler, 1990), are shown to be algebraically equivalent in most applications, although one condition in which the RNI may be advantageous for model comparison is identified. (SLD)

The nature of the attitude-behavior relation was investigated through the use of structural equation models in a cross-lagged panel design involving 254 undergraduates reacting to 2 kinds of goal-directed behaviors. Results suggest that intentions, and to a lesser extent attitudes, are dependent on behavior and not the reverse. (SLD)

Studied whether empirical multitrait multioccasion (MTMO) data conform more closely to multiplicative models than to additive models, using four additive models and two versions of the multiplicative Direct Product model. Results based on matrices from previous studies show that both additive and multiplicative models usually fit the same MTMO…

The purpose of this study is to develop statistical tests for within cluster homogeneity when objects are scored on binary variables. (DEP)

Issues the author has explored in his work on the philosophy of statistics are reviewed. Indeterminacy, the place of empiricism, questions of causation and causality, and explorations of language have preceded the study of objectivity. The relationship between objectivity and multivariate statistics is examined. (SLD)