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The Origins of Reciprocity and Social Exchange in Friendships.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Laursen, Brett; Hartup, Willard W. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2002
Discusses how friendships are transformed from equality-based exchange relationships during early childhood into need-based communal relationships during adolescence. Builds upon thesis that developmental changes in friendships can best be understood using both deep- and surface- structure levels of analysis. Examines cognitive representations of…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Friendship
Adherence to Communal Norms: What It Means, When It Occurs, and Some Thoughts on How It Develops.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clark, Margaret S.; Jordan, Sarah D. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2002
Discusses how communal norms, which emerge gradually across childhood, are a product of social exchanges characteristic of relationships with family members and friends. Distinguishes between communal and exchange relationships. Reviews theoretical and empirical work on adults' use of communal norms and speculates on their developmental…
Descriptors: Child Development, Informal Organization, Interpersonal Relationship, Justice