The field of evaluation faces a number of serious challenges in light of No Child Left Behind legislation, among them feasibility, resources, and blurring lines among research, evaluation, and assessment. At the same time, these challenges open the door for opportunities in evaluation. Now more than ever, the expertise of evaluators is needed and the demand for well-prepared evaluators has increased. The external demands of this legislation on evaluation practice suggest multiple opportunities for research on evaluation that will extend knowledge within the discipline of evaluation.