Each of the many methods or approaches to assessing student learning is based on a clear understanding of validity, reliability, course objectives, the advantages and disadvantages of different evaluation formats, and the ways assessment data will be used to improve instruction. (Author/MSE)

There are now established methods and models to assess critical thinking in any discipline. The approach selected will depend on how critical thinking is defined, whether national norms are needed, and how the results will be used. (Author)

When faculty include assessment as part of the learning process, student learning and teaching are both enhanced. Faculty must integrate expected learning outcomes, assessment, and feedback mechanisms to clarify what should be taught, expectations of students, collaboration with other faculty, and evaluation quality to judge learning and teaching.…

Grades should be a way for teachers and students to communicate about student performance. Using grades to rank and sort is detrimental to learning and to the development of a stimulating and supportive academic climate. (Author)

Ways in which various student and program assessment tools can assist the academic advising function are discussed. Such tools include student test scores and interest assessments, analysis of advising interviews, administrative data on student progress and advising "flow," and student achievement measures. Information drawn from personal contact…