Community of Inquiry--a theoretical framework that consists of three interrelated elements: teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence--has been used widely in online and blended learning as an instructional design model to create and sustain conditions that facilitate meaningful learning in a learning community. Teaching presence…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, education systems policymakers realized the importance of being able to communicate using technology and to fulfill their academic obligations. As a consequence, a different approach to education followed: blended learning. A literature review revealed a lack of psychometric tools related to blended teaching readiness…