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Stefan Hrastinski; Stefan Stenbom; Mohammed Saqr; Malin Jansson; Olga Viberg – Online Learning, 2023
In this article, we focus on the cognitive presence element of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework. Cognitive presence consists of four categories: Triggering Event, Exploration, Integration, and Resolution. These categories have been described as phases following an idealized logical sequence, although the phases should not be seen as…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Secondary School Students, Elementary Secondary Education, Cognitive Processes