ESL teachers play important roles in teaching English and cultural orientation to immigrants coming to the US. They serve a variety of people residing legally within the United States such as permanent residents, refugees, migrant workers, asylees, parolees, and some citizens and international students. They also serve undocumented immigrants.…

Surgeons, given their knowledge, skills, and experience in patient care, are often the primary educators of residents, fellows, and practicing surgeons. However, their lack of formal training in instructional practices may limit their effectiveness in the classroom. This study examined the importance of faculty development for surgeon educators…