In Japan, only a few public libraries provide e-mail reference services. To help public libraries start e-mail reference services, the authors investigated reference questions received by libraries via e-mail and traditional face-to-face services. The authors found that research questions are more frequently observed among e-mail questions and…

In this research, the articles concerning interaction in the Internet-based distance learning, which were published in three most outstanding journals in 2003, 2004 and until March of 2005, have been examined and classified. The research provides opportunities for discussing topics, methods and some other variables. It is thought that, the…

The concept of physical and chemical change is far from being the clearest and most self-explanatory concept in the world. If a number of chemists are asked to define physical and chemical change, there may well appear to be a fair degree of uniformity in their answers, until a few examples are suggested. When chemists are asked to place a variety…